How should a dog's bedding be treated for fleas?

Understanding the Flea Problem

Identifying a Flea Infestation

Signs on Your Dog

Flea activity on a dog manifests through observable symptoms that signal the need to address the animal’s sleeping area.

Frequent scratching or biting at the skin, especially around the neck, tail base, and abdomen.
Small, reddish puncture lesions or raised bumps where fleas feed.
Presence of “flea dirt” – black specks that turn reddish when moistened, indicating digested blood.
Localized hair loss or thinning patches caused by irritation and grooming.
Restlessness or agitation during rest, suggesting discomfort from bites.

Recognizing these signs promptly guides effective treatment of the bedding, ensuring that the environment is cleared of eggs, larvae, and adult fleas before re‑infestation occurs.

Signs in the Environment

Detecting fleas begins with observing the environment where the dog rests. The bedding area provides the most reliable clues because fleas and their developmental stages accumulate where the animal spends the most time.

Small, dark specks resembling peppercorns on the fabric; these are flea feces (digested blood).
Tiny, mobile insects moving quickly when the bedding is disturbed.
Tiny, white, oval eggs scattered on the surface or within seams.
A faint, sweet odor often described as “petri dish” or “animal blood” emanating from the bedding.
Red, itchy bumps on the dog’s skin that correspond to recent contact with the sleeping area.

When any of these indicators appear, immediate action is required. Remove the bedding, wash it in hot water (minimum 130 °F/54 °C) for at least 30 minutes, and dry on high heat. Follow with a thorough vacuum of the sleeping zone, discarding the vacuum bag or cleaning the canister to prevent re‑infestation. Apply a residual insecticide approved for indoor use to the mattress, crate, or blanket, and repeat treatment after one week to disrupt the flea life cycle. Continuous monitoring of the listed environmental signs confirms the effectiveness of the intervention.

The Flea Life Cycle and Bedding

Eggs

Flea eggs deposited in a dog’s sleeping area hatch quickly, producing larvae that contaminate the environment and reinfest the animal. Removing these eggs from bedding is essential for breaking the life cycle.

Strip the bedding and launder at 130 °F (54 °C) or higher; heat kills eggs and any developing larvae.
If washing is impossible, place the material in a dryer on high heat for at least 30 minutes.
Vacuum the mattress, crate, and surrounding floor using a HEPA‑rated attachment; discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister immediately to prevent re‑release.
Apply a residual insecticide labeled for indoor use to the cleaned bedding, following label directions for concentration and safety.

After treatment, maintain a schedule of weekly washes or high‑heat drying, and rotate bedding to limit moisture buildup. Combine these practices with regular topical or oral flea preventatives on the dog to reduce egg deposition and sustain a flea‑free sleeping environment.

Larvae and Pupae

Flea larvae and pupae develop in the micro‑environment of a dog’s sleeping area, feeding on organic debris and adult flea excrement. Their presence indicates that the bedding provides the humidity and temperature needed for maturation, so eliminating these stages is essential for breaking the life cycle.

Larvae appear as small, white, worm‑like organisms that hide in the fabric folds and under the mattress. Pupae form a protective cocoon, often indistinguishable from surrounding fibers, and can remain dormant for weeks until stimulated by vibrations or heat.

Effective eradication requires a combination of mechanical and chemical actions:

Wash all bedding, blankets, and removable covers in hot water (minimum 130 °F / 54 °C) for at least 30 minutes.
Dry on the highest heat setting for a minimum of 20 minutes; high temperature kills both larvae and pupae.
Vacuum the mattress, crate, and surrounding floor using a HEPA filter; discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister immediately.
Apply an insecticidal spray labeled for indoor flea control to non‑washable items, following the product’s contact time.
Sprinkle food‑grade diatomaceous earth on the mattress and leave for 24 hours before vacuuming; the powder desiccates developing stages.

Repeat the washing and drying cycle weekly for three weeks to ensure any newly hatched larvae are removed before they reach adulthood. After the final treatment, maintain low humidity in the sleeping area and perform regular vacuuming to prevent re‑infestation.

Adult Fleas

Adult fleas are wingless insects that feed exclusively on blood. After emerging from pupae, they attach to a host or remain in the environment, where they can survive for several days without a blood meal. Their ability to jump enables rapid movement onto a dog’s sleeping area, where they lay eggs and multiply.

Dog bedding provides a warm, sheltered micro‑climate ideal for adult fleas to rest between feedings. Fleas hide in the fibers, protecting themselves from treatment applied directly to the animal. Consequently, effective bedding care must target both the insects and their eggs.

Remove all bedding covers and wash at ≥ 60 °C (140 °F) for a minimum of 30 minutes. High temperature kills adult fleas, larvae, and eggs.
Dry on the hottest setting for at least 20 minutes; heat eliminates any surviving stages.
Vacuum the mattress, crate, or floor area thoroughly, focusing on seams and folds. Dispose of vacuum contents in a sealed bag.
Apply a residual insecticide labeled for indoor use (e.g., a synthetic pyrethroid or a diatomaceous‑earth spray) to the bedding surface and surrounding area. Follow label directions regarding concentration and re‑application interval.
Repeat washing and vacuuming weekly for three consecutive weeks to break the flea life cycle.

Preventive measures include using bedding made of tightly woven fabric that reduces flea harborages, rotating and cleaning bedding weekly, and employing a low‑dose flea collar or oral preventive on the dog to limit adult flea attachment. Maintaining low humidity (below 50 %) and regular housekeeping further suppresses flea development in the sleeping environment.

Preparing the Bedding for Treatment

Gathering All Infested Items

Collect every item that has contacted the dog’s sleeping area before initiating flea control. Failure to retrieve all contaminated objects allows eggs and larvae to persist, undermining treatment efforts.

Bedding, blankets, and pillowcases
Crates, carriers, and kennels
Toys, chew items, and grooming tools
Clothing or towels used for the dog
Nearby rugs or floor mats

Place each item in a sealed plastic bag to prevent escape of emerging fleas. Wash fabric at the hottest setting the material tolerates; follow with a dryer cycle of at least 30 minutes on high heat. For non‑washable items, apply a flea‑specific insecticide labeled for use on the material, then store in a sealed container for two weeks to break the flea life cycle.

After treatment, keep the dog’s resting zone free of additional clutter. Replace reclaimed items only after confirming they are free of live fleas. Continuous monitoring of the environment ensures the infestation does not re‑establish.

Pre-Treatment Washing Instructions

Hot Water Washing

Hot‑water laundering is a cornerstone of flea control for canine bedding. Temperatures of at least 130 °F (54 °C) kill all life stages of fleas that may be present on fabrics. Use a detergent that remains effective at high temperatures; enzyme‑based formulas enhance removal of organic debris that can shelter eggs and larvae.

Set washing machine to the hottest cycle compatible with the bedding material.
Add the recommended amount of detergent; consider a quarter‑cup of white vinegar for additional de‑odorising and mild insecticidal effect.
Run a complete rinse to eliminate detergent residues that might attract insects.
Dry on high heat for a minimum of 30 minutes; tumble‑drying at 140 °F (60 °C) ensures any surviving fleas are exterminated.

For items that cannot withstand high heat, soak in water heated to 130 °F for 15 minutes, then launder on the warmest safe setting and air‑dry in direct sunlight for several hours. Repeat the process weekly during an active infestation to break the flea life cycle. Regular hot‑water treatment, combined with vacuuming of the sleeping area, maintains a flea‑free environment for the dog.

Detergent Selection

Effective flea control in canine sleeping areas depends heavily on the detergent used during laundering. Selecting a product that destroys eggs and larvae while remaining safe for pets prevents reinfestation and protects the animal’s skin.

Key criteria for detergent choice:

Proven efficacy against arthropod eggs and larvae, demonstrated by laboratory testing or reputable label claims.
Non‑toxic formulation; free of harsh chemicals that could irritate a dog’s skin or be absorbed through inhalation.
Compatibility with high‑temperature washes, allowing water at 130 °F (54 °C) or higher without degrading the detergent.
Ability to dissolve and rinse completely, avoiding residue that might attract insects.

Common detergent categories suitable for this purpose:

Enzyme‑based cleaners that break down organic matter, weakening flea egg membranes.
Oxygen‑bleach powders (e.g., sodium percarbonate) that release hydrogen peroxide, killing eggs and larvae without the discoloration risks of chlorine bleach.
Veterinary‑approved flea‑specific laundry additives, formulated to target flea life stages while meeting pet‑safety standards.

Application guidelines:

Load bedding into a washing machine, ensuring space for thorough agitation.
Add the recommended amount of detergent, following the manufacturer’s dosage chart for the load size.
Set the cycle to the hottest temperature the fabric can tolerate, typically 130 °F (54 °C) or above.
Include an extra rinse to eliminate any detergent remnants.
Dry on high heat for at least 30 minutes, as elevated temperatures further reduce flea survival.

Adhering to these selection and usage principles maximizes flea eradication while maintaining the health of the dog and the integrity of its bedding.

Drying Techniques

Effective drying eliminates adult fleas, larvae, and eggs by exposing them to lethal temperatures and low‑humidity conditions. Moist environments protect flea development; removing moisture is a critical control step.

Sun exposure: place bedding in direct sunlight for at least three hours; ultraviolet radiation and ambient heat raise surface temperature above 45 °C, which kills most stages.
Mechanical dryer: tumble the material in a household dryer on high heat (≥60 °C) for 20‑30 minutes. The tumbling action separates clumps, ensuring uniform heat distribution.
Low‑humidity chamber: store bedding in a dehumidified space (relative humidity < 30 %) for 24‑48 hours. Dry conditions desiccate eggs and larvae, preventing hatching.
Air‑flow drying: hang bedding in a well‑ventilated area with a fan directed at the material. Continuous airflow reduces moisture content to below 10 % within several hours, inhibiting flea survival.

Combine sun exposure with a mechanical dryer when possible to maximize temperature and airflow. After drying, inspect the bedding for residual debris; a clean, dry surface discourages reinfestation.

Treatment Methods for Dog Bedding

Chemical Treatments

Flea Sprays for Bedding

Flea sprays designed for dog bedding provide a rapid, targeted approach to eliminate existing insects and deter new infestations. Formulations typically contain insect growth regulators (IGRs) such as methoprene or pyriproxyfen, which interrupt the flea life cycle, combined with adulticides like permethrin or pyrethrins to kill mature fleas on contact.

When selecting a product, consider the following criteria:

Active ingredients approved for indoor use and safe around pets when applied as directed.
Residual effectiveness lasting at least four weeks, reducing the need for frequent re‑application.
Absence of harsh fragrances or dyes that could irritate a dog’s skin or respiratory system.

Application steps:

Remove all loose bedding, wash according to the manufacturer’s temperature guidelines, and dry thoroughly.
Spray the clean bedding evenly, maintaining a distance of 6–8 inches to achieve a fine mist without oversaturation.
Allow the spray to dry completely before returning the bedding to the dog’s sleeping area; drying time varies from 15 minutes to one hour depending on the product.

Safety measures include:

Testing a small, hidden area of the fabric for discoloration or damage before full coverage.
Keeping the treated bedding out of reach of children and other pets until the surface is dry.
Following label instructions regarding ventilation and personal protective equipment, such as gloves or masks, if recommended.

Regular maintenance enhances efficacy. Rotate the bedding weekly, wash at least once a month, and reapply the spray according to the residual claim. Combine spray treatment with environmental controls—vacuuming carpets, cleaning pet toys, and treating indoor carpets—to interrupt the flea development cycle comprehensively.

By adhering to these guidelines, flea sprays can effectively sanitize dog bedding, suppress infestations, and protect the animal’s comfort and health.

Powders and Dusts

Treating a dog’s sleeping area for fleas often involves the use of powders and dusts. These products work by contacting fleas and their larvae, disrupting their nervous system or desiccating their bodies.

Common options include:

Insecticidal powders such as pyrethrin‑based or permethrin formulations; they kill adult fleas on contact and provide residual activity for several weeks.
Diatomaceous earth; a fine, fossilized algae that abrades the exoskeleton of fleas, causing dehydration.
Silica‑based dusts; absorb moisture from the insect’s cuticle, leading to rapid mortality.

Effective application follows a clear sequence:

Remove loose debris and vacuum the bedding thoroughly.
Lightly dust the entire surface, ensuring even coverage without clumping.
Allow the powder to sit for the manufacturer's recommended period, typically 10–30 minutes, before brushing it off or vacuuming it up.
Repeat the procedure weekly for three consecutive weeks to interrupt the flea life cycle.

Safety considerations are essential. Use only products labeled for pet environments, wear a mask to avoid inhaling fine particles, and keep the area well‑ventilated during treatment. After each application, clean the bedding according to the manufacturer's instructions to prevent residue buildup. Regular laundering of removable covers complements the powder regimen and reduces the risk of re‑infestation.

Safety Precautions for Chemical Use

When chemicals are applied to a dog’s sleeping area to eliminate fleas, the environment must be controlled to prevent harm to the animal and household members.

Use only products labeled for pet bedding; verify active ingredients and concentration.
Wear disposable gloves and a mask that filters airborne particles; replace gloves if they become contaminated.
Ensure the room is well‑ventilated: open windows, run fans, and keep doors ajar for at least 30 minutes after application.
Follow the manufacturer’s dosage instructions precisely; do not exceed the recommended amount.
Keep the dog and other pets out of the treated area until the product has dried or the label‑specified waiting period has elapsed.
Store chemicals in their original containers, away from heat sources and out of reach of children and animals.
Dispose of empty containers according to local hazardous‑waste regulations; do not recycle containers that held pesticide‑type substances.

Document each step, record product batch numbers, and review safety data sheets before use. This systematic approach minimizes exposure risk while effectively addressing flea infestations in canine bedding.

Natural and Non-Toxic Approaches

Diatomaceous Earth

Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a fine, silica‑based powder derived from fossilized diatom shells. Its abrasive particles damage the exoskeletons of fleas, leading to dehydration and death without chemicals.

When treating a dog’s sleeping area, follow these steps:

Sweep the bedding to remove loose hair and debris.
Lightly dust the entire surface with food‑grade DE, aiming for a thin, even coating.
Allow the powder to settle for at least 30 minutes before the dog returns.
Vacuum or shake out the bedding weekly, then repeat the application.

Safety considerations:

Use only food‑grade DE; industrial grades contain crystalline silica that can irritate lungs.
Wear a dust mask during application to avoid inhalation.
Keep the powder away from the dog’s eyes and nose; a brief exposure is harmless, but prolonged contact may cause irritation.

Combining DE with regular laundering (hot water cycle) and vacuuming maximizes flea control while maintaining a clean environment for the pet.

Essential Oil Sprays (Safe for Pets)

Essential oil sprays provide a non‑chemical option for reducing flea populations on canine sleeping areas. When formulated correctly, they can deodorize bedding, repel adult fleas, and interrupt the life cycle without harming the animal.

Safe oils for dogs: lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), cedarwood (Cedrus spp.), neem (Azadirachta indica), and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis).
Recommended dilution: 0.5 %–1 % essential oil in a carrier such as distilled water or a mild, unscented witch‑hazel solution (approximately 5–10 drops of oil per 100 ml of carrier).
Application frequency: spray lightly after each wash, allowing the bedding to dry completely before the dog returns.

To apply, fill a clean spray bottle with the diluted mixture, mist the entire surface of the bedding evenly, and let it air‑dry. Avoid saturating the material; a fine mist is sufficient to coat fibers while preventing excess moisture that could foster mold.

Do not use oils known to be toxic to dogs, such as tea tree, pennyroyal, eucalyptus, or wintergreen. Test a small, hidden area of the fabric for discoloration before full treatment. Keep the spray out of reach of pets and children, and store it in a cool, dark place to preserve potency.

When used according to the guidelines above, essential oil sprays can safely complement regular washing and vacuuming, contributing to an effective flea‑management regimen for dog bedding.

Steam Cleaning

Steam cleaning provides a rapid, chemical‑free method for eradicating fleas and their eggs from a dog’s sleeping area. The high temperature (above 130 °F/54 °C) destroys adult fleas, larvae, and pupae within the fabric, while the moisture loosens debris that can harbor future infestations.

Procedure

Remove loose items (toys, blankets) and wash them separately at the hottest cycle the fabric allows.
Pre‑vacuum the mattress, crate, or blanket to eliminate adult fleas and organic matter.
Apply a handheld or portable steam cleaner, moving slowly to ensure each section receives sufficient heat for at least 30 seconds.
Overlap passes to avoid cold spots; focus on seams, folds, and corners where eggs may accumulate.
Allow the bedding to dry completely before reuse; a fan or low‑heat dryer can accelerate drying.

Safety considerations

Verify that the material can tolerate high heat; synthetic fibers may melt or shrink.
Keep the steam source away from the dog to prevent burns; allow the area to cool before letting the pet return.
Use a device with adjustable temperature control to avoid excessive moisture that could promote mold growth.

When integrated with regular vacuuming and laundering, steam cleaning significantly reduces flea populations in canine bedding without relying on pesticides.

Combining Treatment Methods

Treat the dog’s sleeping area with a coordinated approach that targets fleas at every stage of their life cycle. Begin with a thorough cleaning: vacuum the mattress, blanket, and surrounding floor, then discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister to prevent re‑infestation. Follow with a high‑temperature wash—at least 130 °F (54 °C)—for all removable fabrics, using a flea‑killing detergent if available.

Apply a residual insecticide to the bedding surface after it dries. Choose a product labeled for indoor use on fabrics, ensuring it remains effective for several weeks. Rotate the treated area with an untreated zone every few days to minimize resistance buildup.

Integrate environmental controls to sustain results:

Reduce indoor humidity to below 50 % to inhibit egg development.
Install a low‑volume air purifier with HEPA filtration to capture adult fleas and larvae.
Use a diatomaceous earth spray on the bedding frame and nearby carpet, reapplying after vacuuming.

Schedule the combined regimen on a weekly calendar: clean and wash on day 1, apply insecticide on day 2, and perform environmental adjustments continuously. Consistent execution interrupts the flea life cycle, eliminates existing populations, and prevents new infestations in the dog’s resting place.

Post-Treatment and Prevention

Regular Cleaning Schedule

Frequency of Washing

Regular laundering of canine sleeping surfaces is a primary defense against flea development. Wash bedding at least once a week during an active infestation; increase to twice weekly for severe cases. When no fleas are detected, maintain a bi‑weekly schedule to prevent re‑establishment.

Key considerations for each wash:

Water temperature of 130 °F (54 °C) or higher to kill all life stages.
Use a detergent without strong fragrances that may irritate the dog’s skin.
Dry thoroughly on high heat; residual moisture encourages egg hatching.
Include blankets, pillows, and removable covers in the same cycle.

If the environment remains warm and humid, shorten the interval to three to four days until flea counts drop below detectable levels. After successful eradication, continue a monthly wash routine to sustain a flea‑free environment.

Vacuuming Routines

Regular vacuuming of a dog’s sleeping area removes flea eggs, larvae and adult insects before they can develop. The process must be systematic, thorough and repeated on a schedule that matches the flea life cycle.

Vacuum the bedding at least twice weekly. Increase to three‑to‑four times during a known infestation or after treatment with a flea product. Each session should last long enough to cover all surfaces, including the mattress, blankets, crate liners and surrounding floor.

Routine steps

Remove loose items (toys, treats) and set them aside.
Attach a motorized brush or pet‑hair nozzle to the vacuum.
Pass the nozzle over the entire bedding surface in overlapping strokes, moving slowly to dislodge hidden stages.
Extend the vacuuming to the floor area within a one‑meter radius of the bed, focusing on seams, cracks and carpet pile.
Empty the canister or replace the bag immediately after each session; seal the waste in a disposable bag before discarding.

Use a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter to prevent re‑aerosolization of flea particles. Clean the filter according to the manufacturer’s instructions to maintain suction power and filtration efficiency.

Consistent, high‑intensity vacuuming eliminates the majority of flea developmental stages, reduces reinfestation risk, and supports any chemical treatment applied to the bedding.

Environmental Control

Treating the Home

Regularly launder dog bedding in hot water (minimum 130 °F/54 °C) for at least 30 minutes. Use a detergent effective against insects and add a cup of white vinegar to break down flea eggs. Dry on high heat for 20 minutes to ensure complete eradication.

Vacuum all surfaces surrounding the bedding, including carpets, rugs, and upholstery. Immediately discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister with hot, soapy water to prevent re‑infestation.

Apply a steam cleaner to the mattress, crate, and any fabric‑covered furniture where the dog rests. Steam at temperatures above 200 °F (93 °C) for a minimum of 10 seconds per area; this destroys all life stages of fleas.

Treat the sleeping area with an EPA‑approved flea spray or powder. Follow the product label precisely: apply to seams, folds, and underside of the bedding, then allow the area to dry completely before reuse.

Implement environmental controls:

Maintain indoor humidity below 50 % to hinder flea development.
Seal cracks and crevices where fleas may hide.
Use diatomaceous earth on carpet edges and under furniture, applying a thin layer and vacuuming after 24 hours.

Repeat the washing and vacuuming cycle weekly for three weeks, then biweekly for an additional month. Continue monitoring the bedding for signs of flea activity and adjust treatment frequency accordingly.

Yard Treatment

Treating the yard is essential when eliminating fleas that infest a dog’s sleeping area. A clean, flea‑free environment prevents reinfestation and supports lasting control.

First, remove organic debris that shelters flea larvae. Rake leaves, grass clippings, and mulch to expose the soil surface. Dispose of the material in sealed bags or burn it if local regulations permit.

Second, reduce vegetation height. Mow the lawn to a maximum of 2‑3 inches, then trim shrubs and borders to eliminate humid microhabitats. Keep the ground dry; water the yard early in the day to allow sunlight to evaporate moisture.

Third, apply a targeted insecticide or natural control agent. Use a product labeled for outdoor flea treatment, following label directions for concentration, coverage rate, and re‑application interval. For organic options, spread nematodes (e.g., Steinernema spp.) at the recommended rate, ensuring soil temperature exceeds 15 °C for efficacy.

Fourth, treat the area surrounding the dog’s bedding directly. Sprinkle diatomaceous earth or a flea‑specific granule on the soil within a one‑meter radius of the sleeping spot. Lightly work the material into the top inch of soil, then water gently to activate the product.

Fifth, maintain vigilance. Perform the following routine every two weeks during peak flea season:

Inspect the lawn for signs of flea activity (small black specks, adult fleas, or larvae).
Re‑apply insecticide or nematodes as indicated on the label.
Refresh diatomaceous earth or granule barrier around the bedding.
Keep the grass trimmed and debris cleared.

Consistent yard management, combined with proper laundering of the dog’s bedding, creates an environment hostile to fleas and protects the animal from repeated bites.

Preventing Reinfestation

Flea Control for Your Dog

Proper flea control begins with the dog’s sleeping area. Regularly washing the bedding removes eggs, larvae, and adult fleas that have fallen off the pet. Use hot water (minimum 130 °F/54 °C) for at least 30 minutes; this temperature kills all life stages. After washing, tumble‑dry on high heat for 15 minutes to ensure complete eradication.

Vacuum the mattress, crate, or any fabric surface daily. Focus on seams, folds, and corners where fleas hide. Empty the vacuum canister or bag into a sealed plastic bag and discard it outdoors. Follow vacuuming with a flea‑insecticide spray approved for indoor use; apply according to the product label and allow the area to dry before the dog returns.

Maintain a flea‑free environment by treating the home’s carpet and upholstery. Use a residual spray or fogger that targets flea eggs and larvae. Repeat treatment every 30 days during peak season, or as directed by the manufacturer.

Key actions for bedding care

Wash bedding weekly with hot water and high‑heat drying.
Vacuum all sleeping surfaces each day, disposing of debris securely.
Apply indoor flea spray after vacuuming; allow drying time.
Treat surrounding carpet and furniture with a residual product, reapplying as needed.
Replace heavily soiled or damaged bedding promptly to prevent reinfestation.

Consistent application of these measures eliminates flea populations in the dog’s resting area and supports overall flea management for the animal.

Monitoring for New Infestations

Effective monitoring prevents a flea resurgence in a dog’s sleeping area. After cleaning, drying and treating the bedding, continue to inspect it regularly.

Examine the fabric each morning for live fleas, flea eggs or dark specks resembling flea dirt. Use a bright light and a fine-tooth comb to separate debris from the material.
Rotate the bedding daily; place the opposite side on top to expose hidden spots.
Record observations in a simple log: date, findings, and any treatment applied. Patterns reveal whether an infestation is re‑emerging.
Employ a flea trap near the sleeping zone. Sticky pads or light‑attracted devices capture adult fleas that escape the bedding, providing an early warning.
Replace the bedding cover weekly with a freshly laundered sheet. Fresh covers reduce the chance of unnoticed eggs hatching.

If live fleas or flea dirt appear, re‑apply an appropriate insecticidal spray or powder to the bedding, then repeat the cleaning cycle. Consistent, systematic checks eliminate the opportunity for a new infestation to establish.