What is the disease called when lice infest a person? - briefly
Lice infestation in humans is medically termed pediculosis. When the scalp is affected, the condition is called pediculosis capitis.
What is the disease called when lice infest a person? - in detail
The medical condition caused by a human lice infestation is called pediculosis. It is classified according to the body region affected:
- Pediculosis capitis – infestation of the scalp by head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis).
- Pediculosis corporis – infestation of clothing and the body by body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus).
- Pediculosis pubis – infestation of the genital area by pubic lice (Pthirus pubis).
Etiology
Lice are obligate ectoparasites that feed on human blood. Transmission occurs through direct head-to-head contact, sharing of personal items (combs, hats, bedding), or, for body lice, prolonged wear of contaminated clothing.
Symptoms
- Intense itching caused by allergic reaction to saliva.
- Visible nits (eggs) attached to hair shafts or fibers.
- Red or excoriated skin lesions.
- In severe cases, secondary bacterial infection.
Diagnosis
Visual inspection of hair or clothing for live lice and nits. Microscopic examination of collected specimens confirms species.
Treatment
- Topical pediculicides containing permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide.
- Alternative agents: malathion (0.5 %), ivermectin lotion, or dimethicone.
- Mechanical removal of nits with fine-toothed combs.
- Laundering clothing and bedding at 60 °C or sealing in plastic bags for two weeks to eradicate body lice.
Prevention
- Avoid sharing personal items.
- Maintain regular hair hygiene.
- Inspect close contacts after an outbreak.
- Keep clothing clean and change regularly in crowded living conditions.
Pediculosis is a common, treatable condition; prompt identification and appropriate therapy prevent spread and complications.