"Clothing" - what is it, definition of the term
Apparel denotes any fabric or textile covering worn on the human body, intended to provide physical protection, thermal regulation, and convey cultural or personal identity; it also functions as a barrier that can prevent or reduce contact with ectoparasites such as ticks, bugs, lice, and fleas.
Detailed information
Apparel serves as a protective barrier between the human body and the external environment. Fabrics vary in fiber composition, weave density, and surface treatment, all of which influence susceptibility to ectoparasites.
Ticks attach to clothing when host animals brush against fabric. Coarse fibers and loose weaves facilitate attachment, while tightly woven synthetic blends reduce contact. Heat‑based decontamination (e.g., dryer cycles at 60 °C for 10 minutes) eliminates attached specimens. Chemical repellents containing permethrin applied to outer garments create an additional deterrent.
Bugs, particularly Cimex lectularius, exploit seams, pockets, and folds as hiding places. Stitched seams with minimal gaps limit access. Regular vacuuming of garment storage areas and laundering at temperatures above 55 °C disrupt life cycles. Encasing infrequently worn items in sealed plastic reduces infestation risk.
Lice transmission occurs through direct contact with contaminated textiles. Body lice thrive in clothing that remains unwashed for extended periods. Routine laundering with detergent and hot water, followed by thorough drying, interrupts development. Ironing fabric at high temperature provides a secondary safeguard.
Fleas readily jump onto garments when hosts are present in infested environments. Dense, smooth fabrics hinder movement. Frequent washing and the use of insecticidal sprays approved for textiles decrease flea load on clothing.
Preventive measures:
- Select tightly woven, synthetic fabrics for outdoor wear.
- Apply EPA‑registered insect repellents to outer layers.
- Launder all garments weekly at ≥55 °C; dry on high heat.
- Store off‑season clothing in airtight containers.
- Inspect seams and pockets for signs of infestation before use.
Effective textile management minimizes the risk of ectoparasite contact, preserving both health and garment integrity.