What is the best way to remove lice? - briefly
The most reliable treatment combines a 1 % permethrin shampoo applied for ten minutes with thorough combing using a fine‑toothed nit comb to extract eggs. Repeat the procedure after seven days to eradicate any newly hatched insects.
What is the best way to remove lice? - in detail
Effective lice eradication requires a systematic approach that combines direct treatment of the scalp, thorough removal of nits, and environmental decontamination.
First, confirm infestation by inspecting the hair under bright light, using a fine-toothed comb to separate strands. Look for live insects near the scalp and for oval, white‑to‑brown eggs attached close to the hair shaft.
Second, apply an approved pediculicide. Over‑the‑counter products contain either permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrin combined with piperonyl butoxide. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions precisely: apply to dry hair, massage into the scalp, leave for the recommended duration, then rinse thoroughly. For resistant cases, a prescription‑only agent such as malathion (0.5 %) or ivermectin lotion may be required; these should be administered under medical supervision.
Third, eliminate nits mechanically. After the chemical treatment, use a metal nit comb with teeth spaced 0.2–0.4 mm. Section the hair, start at the scalp, and pull the comb through each strand, wiping the comb blade after each pass. Repeat the combing process every 2–3 days for at least two weeks, as any surviving egg will hatch within 7–10 days.
Fourth, repeat the chemical application after 7–10 days to target newly emerged lice that survived the first round. A second treatment is essential because most products do not kill eggs.
Fifth, decontaminate personal items. Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks or placed in a freezer at –20 °C for 24 hours. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats to remove stray insects.
Sixth, prevent re‑infestation. Advise all household members to avoid sharing hats, combs, hair accessories, or pillows. Encourage regular inspection of hair for at least one month following treatment.
Finally, monitor for adverse reactions. If irritation, rash, or respiratory symptoms develop after applying a pediculicide, discontinue use and seek medical advice. Alternative non‑chemical methods—such as dimethicone‑based lotions or heated air treatments—may be employed for sensitive individuals.
By adhering to this multi‑step protocol—accurate diagnosis, appropriate topical medication, diligent nit removal, repeat dosing, thorough cleaning, and preventive measures—complete elimination of head lice can be achieved reliably.