Why are ticks harmful to dogs? - briefly
Ticks transmit pathogens such as Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Borrelia, causing fever, anemia, and organ damage. Their blood‑feeding induces irritation, inflammation, and can lead to secondary infections.
Why are ticks harmful to dogs? - in detail
Ticks attach to a dog’s skin, feed on blood, and introduce a range of pathogens and toxins that can compromise health. The primary risks include:
- Transmission of bacterial infections such as Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever; each can cause fever, joint pain, kidney damage, and, if untreated, fatal organ failure.
- Introduction of protozoal agents like Babesia spp.; infection leads to hemolytic anemia, weakness, and possible death.
- Release of a neurotoxin that causes tick‑induced paralysis; symptoms begin with hind‑limb weakness, progress to ataxia, and may culminate in respiratory failure if the tick remains attached.
- Direct blood loss, especially with heavy infestations; can result in anemia, lethargy, and reduced immune competence.
- Local skin irritation, ulceration, and secondary bacterial infection at the attachment site; may develop into chronic dermatitis or cellulitis.
Additional complications arise from immune‑mediated reactions, such as hypersensitivity to tick saliva, which can trigger systemic inflammation and exacerbate existing conditions. Early removal of attached ticks reduces the likelihood of pathogen transmission, as many organisms require several hours of feeding before entering the host’s bloodstream. Preventive measures—regular grooming, use of acaricidal products, and routine environmental control—lower exposure and mitigate the health threats posed by these ectoparasites.