What happens when bitten by a bedbug? - briefly
A bedbug bite usually causes a tiny, red, itchy welt that may swell and develop localized inflammation; the severity depends on the person’s sensitivity. Most lesions resolve within a week without treatment, though scratching can lead to secondary infection.
What happens when bitten by a bedbug? - in detail
When a bedbug feeds, it injects saliva containing anticoagulants and anesthetic compounds. The skin initially shows no immediate sensation because the anesthetic numbs the area. Within minutes to a few hours, a small, raised, red macule appears at the bite site. The lesion may develop into a papule or vesicle, often surrounded by a faint halo.
Typical symptoms include:
- Itching that intensifies after 24 hours
- Redness that can spread outward, forming a larger wheal
- Swelling that may persist for several days
- Possible blister formation in severe reactions
The immune response varies among individuals. Some people experience only a mild, localized reaction, while others develop pronounced erythema, urticaria, or even anaphylaxis. In cases of hypersensitivity, systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, or malaise may accompany the cutaneous signs.
Secondary complications arise if the bite is scratched excessively. Disruption of the skin barrier can introduce bacterial pathogens, leading to cellulitis or impetigo. Indicators of infection include increasing pain, purulent discharge, warmth, and expanding redness.
Management steps:
- Clean the area with mild soap and water to reduce bacterial load.
- Apply a cold compress to alleviate itching and swelling.
- Use topical corticosteroids or antihistamine creams for inflammatory control.
- Oral antihistamines may be administered for generalized pruritus.
- Monitor for signs of infection; seek medical attention if symptoms worsen.
Prevention focuses on eliminating the insect source. Effective measures involve:
- Inspecting sleeping areas for live insects, shed skins, or dark‑red spots (fecal stains).
- Washing bedding and clothing in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and drying on high heat.
- Vacuuming mattresses, furniture, and cracks in walls.
- Employing encasements designed to trap bedbugs within the mattress and box spring.
- Consulting professional pest‑control services for confirmed infestations.
Recovery typically occurs within one to two weeks for uncomplicated bites. Persistent lesions or recurrent itching may indicate an allergic predisposition, warranting dermatological evaluation.