How to treat lice on the head? - briefly
Apply a 1 % permethrin or pyrethrin shampoo/cream as directed, leave it on for the recommended time, then remove all live insects and nits with a fine-tooth nit comb; repeat the process 7–10 days later to eliminate any newly hatched lice.
How to treat lice on the head? - in detail
Effective management of head‑lice infestations requires a systematic approach that combines detection, removal, medication, and prevention.
First, confirm the presence of live insects and viable eggs (nits) by examining the scalp with a fine‑toothed comb under good lighting. Nits are firmly attached to hair shafts within a half‑inch of the scalp; live lice move quickly when disturbed.
Second, eliminate the parasites mechanically. Use a metal or fine‑plastic nit comb on wet, conditioned hair. Section the hair and pull the comb from scalp to tip, wiping the teeth after each pass. Repeat the process every 2–3 days for at least two weeks to catch newly hatched lice.
Third, apply an approved pediculicide. Over‑the‑counter options contain 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide; prescription products may include 0.05 % malathion, 0.65 % benzyl alcohol, or 0.025 % ivermectin. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions precisely: apply to dry hair, leave for the recommended duration, then rinse thoroughly. A second treatment is usually required 7–10 days later to eradicate any surviving eggs.
Fourth, consider adjunctive measures for resistant cases. Dimethicone‑based lotions act by physically coating lice, reducing resistance risk. Oral ivermectin, prescribed by a physician, offers systemic eradication for severe infestations. Avoid repeated use of the same chemical agent to prevent resistance buildup.
Fifth, implement environmental controls. Wash bedding, hats, and clothing used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 130 °F) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered may be sealed in plastic bags for two weeks. Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove stray hairs containing nits.
Finally, educate all contacts. Family members and close contacts should undergo scalp checks and, if necessary, receive prophylactic treatment to prevent reinfestation. Regular head‑lice checks for 4–6 weeks after treatment help ensure complete clearance.
By adhering to this protocol—accurate diagnosis, diligent combing, appropriate pharmacologic intervention, supplemental options for resistant strains, thorough environmental decontamination, and community awareness—complete eradication of head lice can be achieved efficiently.