How should a dog be treated for lice? - briefly
Administer a veterinarian‑approved lice remedy—topical shampoo, spray, or oral medication—exactly as directed, and repeat the dose after the parasite’s life cycle to ensure complete elimination. Clean bedding, grooming tools, and the living area to prevent reinfestation.
How should a dog be treated for lice? - in detail
Lice infestations in dogs are caused primarily by Trichodectes canis and Linognathus setosus. Typical signs include itching, hair loss, crusty skin, and visible insects clinging to fur shafts.
Diagnosis begins with a thorough physical exam. Use a fine-toothed comb to isolate adult lice or nymphs. Confirm species by microscopic examination of collected specimens. Rule out secondary infections before initiating therapy.
Effective treatment options include:
- Topical insecticidal shampoos containing pyrethrins, pyrethroids, or selamectin. Apply to wet coat, lather, leave for the manufacturer‑specified contact time (usually 5–10 minutes), then rinse thoroughly.
- Spot‑on formulations with fipronil or imidacloprid. Administer directly to the skin at the base of the neck, avoiding eyes and mucous membranes. Repeat after 7–10 days to interrupt the life cycle.
- Oral systemic agents such as milbemycin oxime or afoxolaner. Dose according to body weight; follow the label schedule for repeat administration, typically every 30 days.
- Prescription dip solutions (e.g., ivermectin‑based) for severe infestations. Dilute according to veterinary guidance and bathe the animal, ensuring full coverage of the skin surface.
Application guidelines:
- Weigh the dog accurately to calculate correct dosage.
- Trim long hair in affected areas to improve product penetration.
- Use gloves and protective clothing to avoid personal exposure.
- Dispose of used combs and towels in sealed bags to prevent re‑infestation.
- Observe the animal for adverse reactions for at least 30 minutes after treatment.
Environmental control is essential because lice survive off‑host for only a few days. Actions include:
- Washing all bedding, blankets, and toys in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and drying on high heat.
- Vacuuming carpets, upholstery, and vehicle interiors; discard or clean vacuum bags immediately.
- Treating the household environment with an insecticidal spray labeled for ectoparasites, focusing on cracks, crevices, and pet‑frequented zones.
- Repeating environmental cleaning 7 days after the initial treatment to eliminate newly hatched lice.
Follow‑up examinations should occur 2 weeks post‑therapy to verify eradication. If live lice persist, repeat the chosen treatment protocol or consider an alternative class of insecticide. Preventive measures—regular grooming, routine use of monthly ectoparasite preventatives, and prompt isolation of new or rescued dogs—reduce the likelihood of future outbreaks.