How dangerous are bedbugs to humans? - briefly
«Bedbugs can cause itching, allergic reactions, and secondary skin infections, but they do not transmit diseases to people». They may also induce psychological distress and sleep disruption due to repeated bites.
How dangerous are bedbugs to humans? - in detail
Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) feed exclusively on blood, typically during nighttime. Their saliva contains anticoagulants and anesthetic compounds that enable painless penetration of the skin. The primary health concern stems from the bite itself, which can provoke a range of cutaneous reactions.
Common manifestations include:
- Red, itchy welts appearing at the feeding site
- Localized swelling and inflammation
- Secondary bacterial infection if scratching breaches the skin barrier
In a minority of individuals, the immune response may be amplified, resulting in larger wheals, hives, or, rarely, anaphylactic symptoms. No credible evidence links these insects to the transmission of pathogens such as hepatitis, HIV, or bacterial diseases, despite extensive investigation.
Psychological effects can be significant. Persistent infestations often cause anxiety, insomnia, and heightened stress, especially in densely populated housing or institutional settings. These outcomes, while not directly physiological, contribute to overall morbidity.
Control measures focus on eradication rather than medical treatment. Effective strategies comprise:
- Thorough inspection of sleeping areas and adjacent furniture
- Application of approved insecticides or heat treatment (≥ 50 °C for several hours)
- Regular laundering of bedding at high temperatures
- Sealing cracks and crevices to limit harborage
Prompt removal of the pest reduces the risk of bite‑related complications and mitigates the associated psychological burden.