How can lice be treated in a child? - briefly
Effective management includes applying an FDA‑approved «pediculicide» shampoo such as permethrin, combing wet hair with a fine‑toothed «nit comb», repeating the treatment after 7–10 days, and washing bedding and clothing in hot water.
How can lice be treated in a child? - in detail
Treating head‑lice infestation in a child requires accurate diagnosis, appropriate medication, and thorough environmental measures.
A clinician confirms the presence of live lice or viable nits attached within ¼ inch of the scalp. Visual examination with a fine‑tooth comb under bright light distinguishes viable eggs from empty shells.
First‑line pharmacologic options include over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin combined with piperonyl‑butoxide. Application follows the product label: apply to dry hair, leave for the recommended duration (typically 10 minutes), then rinse thoroughly. A second treatment, scheduled seven days after the initial application, eliminates newly hatched insects.
When resistance to pyrethrins is documented or the infestation persists after two applications, prescription agents become necessary. Options comprise 0.5 % malathion, 0.2 % benzyl alcohol lotion, 0.5 % ivermectin lotion, or 0.025 % spinosad. Each requires specific instructions regarding hair condition, exposure time, and contraindications for infants under two months.
Non‑chemical methods complement medication. Wet‑combing with a fine‑tooth nit comb, performed on damp, conditioned hair, removes live lice and nits. Repeating the combing session every 2–3 days for two weeks ensures complete eradication.
Environmental control reduces reinfestation risk. Wash bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and tumble dry on high heat. Items unable to be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets and upholstery; discard hair‑brushes and combs, or soak them in hot water for ten minutes.
Follow‑up assessment occurs 10–14 days after the final treatment. Absence of live lice and viable nits confirms success. Persistent findings warrant repeat prescription therapy and evaluation for secondary bacterial infection requiring topical or systemic antibiotics.
Parental education emphasizes avoidance of sharing personal items, regular head checks, and prompt treatment of any new cases to prevent outbreak recurrence.