How are lice removed from hair? - briefly
Lice are eliminated by applying a licensed pediculicide or a thorough conditioner, then combing the hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb from scalp to ends to remove live insects and nits. The procedure is repeated after 7–10 days to capture any newly hatched lice.
How are lice removed from hair? - in detail
Lice infestation demands immediate action to eliminate parasites and prevent re‑infestation. The removal process combines mechanical, chemical, and environmental steps.
Mechanical extraction relies on a fine‑toothed nit comb. The comb must be passed through damp hair from scalp to ends, section by section, after each pass a clean section of the comb is wiped to avoid transferring live nits. Repeating the combing every 2–3 days for two weeks removes newly hatched nymphs.
Chemical agents, known as pediculicides, contain neurotoxic compounds that paralyze adult lice. Common active ingredients include permethrin (1 %), pyrethrin, and dimethicone (silicone‑based). Application follows product instructions: apply to dry hair, saturate scalp, leave for the prescribed time, then rinse. A second treatment after 7–10 days targets any surviving eggs. Resistance to pyrethroids necessitates alternative formulations, such as spinosad or ivermectin, in resistant cases.
Alternative methods supplement primary treatment. Silicone‑based lotions coat the hair shaft, suffocating lice and loosening nits for easier removal. Essential‑oil preparations, e.g., tea‑tree oil at 5 % concentration, exhibit limited efficacy and must be combined with combing. Heat therapy—using a hair dryer set to high temperature for several minutes—kills lice but may damage hair if applied excessively.
Post‑treatment measures prevent recurrence:
- Wash bedding, towels, and clothing in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and vehicle seats.
- Seal non‑washable items in sealed bags for two weeks.
- Conduct weekly inspections for four weeks, using a nit comb to detect any survivors.
Consistent execution of these steps eradicates the infestation and reduces the likelihood of re‑infestation.