"Sheep" - what is it, definition of the term
«Sheep» is a domesticated ruminant of the species Ovis aries, distinguished by a woolly fleece, cloven hooves, and an herbivorous diet. The animal has been selectively bred for meat, milk, and fiber, and many breeds display curled horns and strong flocking instincts. A gestation period of roughly five months yields one to three lambs per birth, while a four‑chambered stomach enables efficient cellulose digestion. Breed variation provides adaptability to diverse climates and terrains.
Detailed information
The domestic ovine species serves as a primary host for a range of ectoparasites that affect health and productivity. Ticks attach to the skin, feeding on blood and transmitting pathogens such as Anaplasma and Babesia. Infestations cause localized inflammation, anemia, and reduced weight gain. Control measures include strategic acaricide application, pasture rotation, and regular inspection of the fleece.
Common arthropod pests include:
- Mites – mange‑inducing species (Sarcoptes scabiei) burrow into the epidermis, leading to intense pruritus and secondary bacterial infection.
- Lice – chewing and sucking varieties (Bovicola ovis, Linognathus spp.) damage the wool coat, diminish feed efficiency, and may act as vectors for bacterial agents.
- Fleas – although less prevalent, flea infestations (Ctenocephalides spp.) can cause dermatitis and serve as intermediate hosts for tapeworms.
Effective parasite management integrates:
- Chemical control – rotation of active ingredients to prevent resistance; topical spot‑on formulations and pour‑on drenches applied according to label intervals.
- Biological strategies – introduction of entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae) and predatory beetles that target larvae in the environment.
- Management practices – regular shearing to reduce habitat suitability, maintaining dry bedding, and implementing quarantine protocols for newly acquired stock.
Monitoring protocols involve weekly visual examinations, skin scrapings for mite identification, and fecal sampling to detect secondary internal infections. Prompt treatment based on species‑specific diagnostics minimizes economic loss and preserves animal welfare. «Effective parasite control relies on integrated, evidence‑based approaches that combine chemical, biological, and husbandry measures.»