"Hare" - what is it, definition of the term
This leporid, distinguished by elongated ears, robust hind limbs, and a seasonal coat, differs from its close relative the rabbit by lacking a burrowing lifestyle and by being born fully furred with open eyes; it occupies open fields, meadows, and tundra across temperate zones, subsists mainly on grasses and herbs, and functions as prey for numerous carnivores while also serving as a host for ectoparasites such as ticks, lice, and fleas.
Detailed information
The European brown lagomorph is a herbivorous mammal found across temperate regions, characterized by long hind legs, a compact body, and a high reproductive rate. Adult individuals typically weigh 2–5 kg and can reach speeds of 70 km/h, enabling rapid escape from predators. Seasonal coat changes provide camouflage, while a diet composed mainly of grasses, herbs, and bark supplies necessary nutrients for growth and reproduction.
Ectoparasitic infestations commonly affect this species. Representative arthropods include:
- Ixodid ticks – attach to the skin, feed on blood, and can transmit bacterial pathogens such as Borrelia spp.
- Mites – burrow into the fur, causing irritation and potential secondary infections.
- Lice – chew on hair shafts, leading to hair loss and skin lesions.
- Fleas – jump between hosts, act as vectors for Yersinia and other agents.
Infestation intensity varies with habitat, season, and population density. Young individuals exhibit higher parasite loads due to limited grooming ability and underdeveloped immunity. Dense grasslands and agricultural fields provide favorable microclimates for arthropod development, increasing exposure risk.
Control measures focus on habitat management and targeted acaricide applications. Rotational grazing reduces host concentration, while regular health monitoring enables early detection of heavy parasite burdens. Integrated strategies that combine environmental, chemical, and biological approaches effectively limit ectoparasite prevalence in wild and farmed populations.