"Foam" - what is it, definition of the term
«Foam» is a heterogeneous material consisting of a continuous liquid or solid matrix that traps a substantial volume of gas within discrete bubbles or cells; this configuration yields a lightweight, highly compressible structure whose mechanical behavior is governed by bubble size distribution, surface tension, and the rheological properties of the surrounding phase.
Detailed information
A lightweight aerated matrix consists of gas‑filled cells dispersed within a liquid or solid carrier. The structure creates high surface area and low density, allowing rapid spread over irregular surfaces. Viscosity can be adjusted through surfactant concentration, while stability depends on bubble size distribution and polymer additives.
In arthropod management, the foamed medium functions as a delivery vehicle for active ingredients targeting ticks, bugs, lice and fleas. Upon contact, the foam collapses, releasing the pesticide directly onto the host or substrate. The collapse process ensures uniform coverage of hair shafts, skin folds and crevices where these ectoparasites reside. Additionally, the foam’s moisture retention prolongs exposure time, increasing mortality rates.
Formulation parameters critical for efficacy include:
- Surfactant type: non‑ionic agents reduce surface tension without irritating non‑target organisms.
- Bubble diameter: 0.2–0.5 mm optimizes spread while maintaining structural integrity.
- Polymer matrix: biodegradable polymers (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol) provide controlled degradation and minimize environmental residue.
Benefits of the aerated delivery system are:
• Enhanced penetration into dense fur and feather layers.
• Reduced runoff compared with liquid sprays, lowering environmental contamination.
• Ability to coat vertical and overhead surfaces without dripping.
Limitations involve sensitivity to temperature fluctuations, which can accelerate bubble coalescence and diminish shelf life. Storage at controlled temperatures extends product viability. Proper application equipment, such as low‑pressure foam generators, is required to maintain consistent bubble formation and prevent nozzle clogging.
Overall, the foamed formulation offers a versatile, efficient approach for controlling ectoparasites, delivering active agents directly to target sites while minimizing waste and environmental impact.