"Capsule" - what is it, definition of the term
"Capsule" denotes a compact, sealed enclosure crafted from rigid or semi‑rigid material to isolate its interior from external influences; it enables safe storage of substances or biological specimens such as ticks, bugs, lice, and fleas, often featuring a detachable or perforated closure that maintains containment while permitting controlled release or observation.
Detailed information
The oral dosage form designed for the control of ticks, insects, lice, and fleas consists of a hardened gelatin shell that encloses a precise quantity of active ingredient. This delivery system ensures rapid disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract, allowing the compound to enter systemic circulation and reach ectoparasites through the host’s blood.
The formulation typically contains:
- Active antiparasitic agent (e.g., a macrocyclic lactone or pyrethroid)
- Gelatin matrix for structural integrity
- Plasticizer to maintain flexibility during storage
- Coloring agents for identification
- Preservatives that inhibit microbial growth
Pharmacokinetic characteristics include quick absorption, peak plasma concentration within 2–4 hours, and a half‑life sufficient to maintain effective concentrations for several days. The therapeutic window aligns with the life cycle of the targeted organisms, disrupting feeding or reproduction before the next infestation cycle.
Administration guidelines require a single dose per body weight category, with adjustments for juveniles or pregnant individuals. Overdose risk is minimal due to the narrow therapeutic range; however, signs of toxicity—such as vomiting, ataxia, or hypersalivation—warrant immediate veterinary consultation.
Storage conditions demand a cool, dry environment, away from direct sunlight. Shelf life extends up to 24 months when the container remains sealed, preserving potency and preventing degradation of the gelatin wall.
The encapsulated product offers a convenient, measurable, and reliable method for managing ectoparasite populations in domestic animals, reducing reliance on repeated topical applications.