Why are lice dangerous? - briefly
Head lice may introduce bacterial pathogens and provoke severe itching, which can lead to secondary skin infections and systemic complications. They also serve as vectors for diseases such as borreliosis and rickettsial infections, especially in densely populated environments.
Why are lice dangerous? - in detail
Lice infestations pose several health risks that extend beyond mere discomfort.
- Direct skin irritation results from repeated biting, leading to redness, swelling, and secondary bacterial infection when lesions are scratched.
- Transmission of pathogens occurs through certain species; for example, body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis) can carry Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus, as well as Borrelia recurrentis and Bartonella quintana.
- Allergic reactions may develop in sensitive individuals, producing intense itching, hives, or eczema‑like eruptions.
- Psychological impact includes social stigma and reduced self‑esteem, which can affect academic performance and workplace productivity.
The life cycle of lice contributes to rapid population growth. Eggs (nits) hatch within 7–10 days, and each adult female can lay up to 8 eggs per day. Without prompt treatment, numbers can rise to several hundred within weeks, increasing the likelihood of the aforementioned complications.
Effective control requires thorough removal of nits, appropriate use of pediculicidal agents, and regular cleaning of clothing and bedding to eliminate surviving insects and prevent reinfestation. Continuous monitoring of affected individuals ensures early detection of secondary infections and reduces long‑term health consequences.