What will happen if a person has lice? - briefly
An infestation causes intense scalp itching, visible nits, and may lead to skin irritation or secondary bacterial infection if left untreated. Removing the parasites and their eggs promptly eliminates the problem and prevents transmission.
What will happen if a person has lice? - in detail
Infestation by head‑lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) begins with the female depositing eggs (nits) on hair shafts close to the scalp. Within a few days the nits hatch, releasing mobile nymphs that feed on blood several times a day. Repeated bites produce itching, which intensifies as the population grows.
Physical effects
- Localized itching and irritation caused by saliva injection.
- Small red papules or puncture marks where the insects have fed.
- Secondary bacterial infection if scratching breaks the skin, potentially leading to impetigo or cellulitis.
- Rare allergic reactions, ranging from mild urticaria to, in extreme cases, anaphylaxis.
Psychological and social consequences
- Discomfort and distraction, reducing concentration at school or work.
- Feelings of embarrassment, stigma, or anxiety, especially among children.
- Possible exclusion from group activities or institutional policies requiring treatment before re‑entry.
Transmission dynamics
- Direct head‑to‑head contact transfers adult lice and nymphs.
- Indirect spread through shared combs, hats, scarves, pillows, or upholstered furniture.
- Lice survive off the host for up to 48 hours; eggs remain viable for about a week without a blood meal.
Treatment timeline
- Diagnosis: Visual identification of live lice or nits within 1 mm of the scalp.
- Chemical therapy: Application of a pediculicide (e.g., permethrin 1 % or dimethicone) according to label instructions, usually repeated after 7–10 days to kill newly hatched nymphs.
- Mechanical removal: Fine‑toothed nit comb used on wet, conditioned hair for 10–15 minutes, repeated every 2–3 days for two weeks.
- Environmental control: Washing bedding, hats, and clothing in hot water (≥ 60 °C) or sealing items in a plastic bag for two weeks; vacuuming carpets and upholstery.
- Follow‑up: Re‑inspection after treatment cycle to confirm eradication; additional application if live lice persist.
Complications are uncommon in healthy individuals, but persistent infestation can exacerbate existing skin conditions, such as eczema, and may lead to chronic sleep disturbance due to itching. Prompt identification and a combined chemical‑mechanical approach minimize health risks and prevent spread within households or communities.