What substance can kill bed bugs? - briefly
Pyrethrin or synthetic pyrethroid sprays, silica‑gel dust, and high‑concentration ethanol are effective at killing bed bugs. Heat treatment above 120 °F (49 °C) is also required for complete eradication.
What substance can kill bed bugs? - in detail
Effective agents against Cimex lectularius fall into several categories. Chemical insecticides approved by regulatory agencies include synthetic pyrethroids (e.g., permethrin, deltamethrin) that disrupt nerve function, neonicotinoids (e.g., imidacloprid) that bind to nicotinic receptors, and pyrroles (e.g., chlorfenapyr) that collapse cellular metabolism. These compounds are available as sprays, dusts, and aerosols; label directions must be followed to ensure contact with the insects and to limit human exposure.
Desiccant powders, such as diatomaceous earth and silica gel, act by absorbing the waxy cuticle lipids, leading to dehydration and death. Application requires thorough coverage of cracks, crevices, and mattress seams; efficacy depends on dry conditions and minimal disturbance after treatment.
Physical methods provide non‑chemical alternatives. Steam generators delivering temperatures above 120 °F (49 °C) for several minutes penetrate fabric and eliminate insects on contact. Whole‑room heat treatment, raising ambient temperature to 135 °F (57 °C) for a minimum of 90 minutes, eradicates all life stages. Conversely, exposure to sub‑freezing temperatures (below 0 °F/‑18 °C) for at least four days can suppress populations, though practical implementation is limited.
Alcohol‑based solutions (70 % isopropyl alcohol) cause rapid desiccation when directly sprayed onto bugs, but provide only short‑term knockdown and do not affect hidden individuals. Essential oil extracts (e.g., neem, tea tree) exhibit repellency and limited toxicity; they are unsuitable as sole control measures.
A comprehensive approach combines one or more of the above agents with integrated pest management practices: regular laundering of bedding at high temperatures, vacuuming of infested areas, sealing of entry points, and periodic monitoring with interceptors. Selecting EPA‑registered products, adhering to label specifications, and integrating physical treatments maximize eradication while minimizing resistance development.