What should you do if there are lice in the hair? - briefly
Apply an approved lice treatment and comb out nits with a fine-toothed lice comb. Wash bedding and clothing in hot water and repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to prevent re‑infestation.
What should you do if there are lice in the hair? - in detail
If live insects are discovered in a person’s scalp, immediate and systematic treatment is required to eradicate the infestation and prevent recurrence.
First, isolate the affected individual to limit contact with others. Wash all clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water (minimum 130 °F/54 °C) and tumble‑dry on high heat for at least 20 minutes. Non‑washable items should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks, the typical lifespan of the parasite.
Next, select an appropriate pediculicide. Over‑the‑counter options containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin are effective for most cases. Apply the product according to the manufacturer’s instructions, ensuring thorough coverage of the entire scalp and hair length. For resistant infestations, a prescription lotion with 0.05 % malathion or 0.1 % ivermectin may be required; these should be used under medical supervision.
After the initial application, wait the recommended interval (usually 7–10 days) and repeat the treatment to kill any newly hatched nymphs that survived the first dose. During this period, use a fine‑toothed nit comb on damp, conditioned hair to remove dead insects and eggs. Comb the hair in sections, starting at the scalp and moving outward, and rinse the comb after each pass. Repeat the combing process daily for at least three consecutive days.
Finally, monitor the scalp for at least four weeks. If live lice or viable eggs are observed after the second treatment, seek professional medical advice, as a different therapeutic agent may be needed. Maintain regular cleaning of personal items and discourage head‑to‑head contact to minimize the risk of re‑infestation.