What medications should be used to treat ear mites in dogs? - briefly
Effective treatments include topical acaricides such as selamectin (Revolution) or ivermectin‑based ear drops, and oral macrocyclic lactones like milbemycin oxime (Interceptor). Combine with a veterinary‑recommended ear cleanser to remove debris and improve drug penetration.
What medications should be used to treat ear mites in dogs? - in detail
Effective pharmacologic options for canine ear mite infestation fall into three categories: topical acaricides, systemic antiparasitics, and combination products.
Topical acaricides are applied directly into the ear canal. Lime‑sulfur dips (2–5 % solution) eradicate mites within minutes; repeat application after 7–10 days prevents reinfestation. Pyrethrin‑based ear cleaners (e.g., containing tetramethrin and piperonyl butoxide) dissolve debris and kill mites; daily use for 5 days is standard. Propoxur‑containing ear gels (e.g., 1 % solution) provide rapid mite death; a single dose often suffices, with a second treatment after 7 days if mites persist.
Systemic antiparasitics reach the ear canal through the bloodstream. Ivermectin, administered orally or subcutaneously at 0.2 mg/kg, eliminates mites within 24 hours; repeat dosing after 2 weeks addresses the life cycle. Selamectin, a monthly spot‑on (6 mg/kg), offers continuous protection and treats existing infestations. Milbemycin oxime, given at 0.5 mg/kg orally once a month, is effective against ear mites and concurrent intestinal parasites. Moxidectin, available as a topical solution (0.1 %), provides long‑acting control for up to 12 weeks.
Combination products simplify treatment. Products such as a selamectin‑containing spot‑on also contain an anti‑inflammatory agent, reducing ear canal swelling while eradicating mites. Doramectin injectables (0.2 mg/kg) are used in severe cases where oral tolerance is limited.
Safety considerations include breed‑specific sensitivities (e.g., ivermectin toxicity in Collies and related breeds) and pre‑existing liver or kidney disease, which may require dose adjustment. Always confirm the correct formulation (ear dip versus systemic tablet) to avoid ototoxicity.
A typical protocol combines an initial topical dip to clear live mites, followed by a systemic dose to target larvae and prevent recurrence. Re‑examination of the ear canal after 7–10 days confirms treatment success; residual debris may be removed with a gentle cleanser. Regular preventive administration of a monthly spot‑on or oral antiparasitic maintains mite‑free status.