What is an eye mite and how is it treated? - briefly
Eye mites (Demodex species) are microscopic parasites inhabiting eyelash follicles and meibomian glands, leading to irritation, redness, and inflammation. Effective management includes lid hygiene with tea‑tree oil or ivermectin‑based ointments, often supplemented by prescription anti‑inflammatory or antiparasitic agents.
What is an eye mite and how is it treated? - in detail
Eye mites, primarily Demodex species, inhabit the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the eyelids. Adult mites measure 0.2–0.4 mm, possess eight legs, and feed on cellular debris and secretions. Their life cycle includes egg, larva, nymph, and adult stages over 2–3 weeks. Overpopulation can cause inflammation of the eyelid margin, known as blepharitis, leading to itching, redness, crusting, and occasional foreign‑body sensation.
Diagnosis relies on microscopic examination of epilated eyelashes. A single eyelash is placed on a slide with a drop of saline; mites appear as moving, elongated bodies. A count of more than three mites per five lashes typically indicates pathological infestation.
Effective management combines mechanical removal and pharmacologic agents:
- Eyelash cleaning – daily epilation of affected lashes with fine forceps reduces mite load.
- Topical tea‑tree oil – 5 % solution applied to the lid margin twice daily exhibits acaricidal activity.
- Antibiotic ointments – erythromycin or bacitracin applied twice daily can diminish secondary bacterial colonization and inflammation.
- Oral ivermectin – single dose of 200 µg/kg for severe cases; repeat dosing after one week if needed.
- Hypochlorous acid wipes – gentle cleansing of lids twice daily helps maintain low mite density.
Adjunctive measures include avoiding oily cosmetics, using hypoallergenic cleansers, and maintaining eyelid hygiene. Treatment duration typically spans 4–6 weeks, with follow‑up microscopy to confirm eradication. Recurrence is uncommon when strict lid hygiene is continued.