What does a chicken mite fear? - briefly
Chicken mites are vulnerable to elevated temperatures and low humidity, which cause rapid dehydration. They also succumb to acaricidal chemicals such as pyrethrins and organophosphates.
What does a chicken mite fear? - in detail
The principal threats confronting the poultry ectoparasite Dermanyssus gallinae include extreme temperatures, desiccation, chemical acaricides, biological predators, and host‑related disturbances. Each factor acts through specific physiological or behavioral mechanisms that reduce mite survival and reproduction.
Extreme cold below 5 °C disrupts metabolic processes, causing rapid mortality. Conversely, temperatures above 35 °C increase respiration rates, leading to dehydration and death. Fluctuating humidity levels intensify these effects; low relative humidity (< 40 %) accelerates water loss, while high humidity (> 80 %) promotes fungal growth that can be lethal.
Chemical control agents target the nervous system or cuticle integrity. Common classes comprise:
- Pyrethroids (e.g., permethrin) – interfere with voltage‑gated sodium channels.
- Organophosphates (e.g., malathion) – inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
- Acaricide oils – occlude spiracles, causing asphyxiation.
Biological antagonists exert predatory pressure. Predatory mites such as «Androlaelaps casalis» penetrate mite colonies, feeding on eggs and larvae. Entomopathogenic fungi, notably «Beauveria bassiana», infect the cuticle, proliferating internally and culminating in host death.
Host‑derived disturbances also affect mite behavior. Sudden movement of chickens, vigorous preening, and the application of dust baths create mechanical barriers and dislodge attached individuals. Removal of nesting material eliminates the sheltered microhabitats preferred by the parasite.
In summary, the ectoparasite’s vulnerabilities encompass thermal extremes, desiccating conditions, toxic chemicals, predatory organisms, and host activities that disrupt attachment and concealment. Effective management integrates these stressors to suppress populations and reduce the risk of infestation.