What do you need to get rid of lice? - briefly
A pediculicide shampoo or lotion (e.g., permethrin 1% or pyrethrin) applied to the scalp, combined with meticulous nit‑combing, eliminates the insects; washing bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water or using a dryer on high heat prevents reinfestation.
What do you need to get rid of lice? - in detail
Eliminating head lice demands a combination of chemical, mechanical, and environmental measures.
First, a reliable detection method is essential. A fine‑toothed nit comb, preferably stainless steel with 0.2 mm spacing, allows direct inspection of the scalp and removal of live insects and nits. Use the comb on wet, conditioned hair to reduce breakage and improve visibility.
Second, an effective topical agent must be applied. Over‑the‑counter products contain either pyrethrin or permethrin at concentrations approved for human use; follow label instructions precisely, covering the entire scalp and hair length. Prescription options, such as malathion (0.5 %) or ivermectin lotion (0.5 %), are reserved for cases where resistance to first‑line treatments is suspected. Apply the medication, leave it on for the recommended duration, then rinse thoroughly.
Third, mechanical removal complements chemical treatment. After the initial application, comb the hair at least twice daily for ten days, focusing on the nape and behind the ears where lice congregate. Each pass should be followed by cleaning the comb in hot, soapy water to prevent re‑infestation.
Fourth, environmental decontamination reduces the risk of re‑colonization. Wash all clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in plastic bags for two weeks or placed in a freezer at –20 °C for at least 24 hours. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove shed hairs and dead insects; discard vacuum bags immediately.
Fifth, preventive actions help maintain a lice‑free state. Encourage regular head checks, especially after group activities. Avoid sharing personal items such as hats, hairbrushes, and headphones. For school or daycare settings, implement a policy of immediate notification and treatment upon detection.
Finally, monitor for treatment failure. A second application of the chosen topical agent, typically 7–10 days after the first, targets any newly hatched lice that survived the initial dose. Persisting symptoms after two cycles warrant medical evaluation for alternative therapies.
By integrating detection, appropriate medication, diligent combing, thorough cleaning, and preventive habits, complete eradication of head lice becomes achievable.