What do dog fleas and lice look like? - briefly
Dog fleas are tiny, dark‑brown insects about 1–3 mm long, laterally flattened and capable of jumping, with strong hind legs and a segmented body. Dog lice are even smaller, 1–2 mm long, pale‑gray or tan, flat‑bodied parasites covered in fine hairs that crawl rather than jump.
What do dog fleas and lice look like? - in detail
Canine fleas are tiny, laterally flattened insects measuring 1 – 3 mm in length. Their bodies are segmented into head, thorax, and abdomen, each covered with a hard, dark brown exoskeleton that may appear reddish after a blood meal. Three pairs of strong, spiny legs protrude from the thorax, enabling rapid jumping; the hind legs are longer than the front ones. Antennae are short and concealed beneath the head. Fleas lack wings and possess a narrow, elongated shape that tapers toward the rear. When viewed on a dog’s coat, they appear as moving specks, often concentrated near the neck, base of the tail, and groin area. After feeding, they may be seen as small, darkened spots that turn reddish‑brown as they engorge.
Dog lice are larger, ranging from 2 – 5 mm, and have a broader, more oval body. Their coloration varies from gray‑white to tan, sometimes with a slightly translucent appearance. Unlike fleas, lice are permanently attached to the host; they possess six short legs adapted for clinging to hair shafts rather than jumping. The head bears short antennae, and the thorax bears three pairs of legs that end in claw‑like tarsi. Lice lack the laterally compressed shape of fleas and have a softer, less sclerotized exoskeleton. They are typically found close to the skin surface, especially on the head, ears, and along the back, where they feed on skin debris and blood.
Key visual differences:
- Size: fleas 1‑3 mm, lice 2‑5 mm.
- Body shape: fleas narrow and flattened; lice broader and oval.
- Color: fleas dark brown to reddish; lice gray‑white to tan.
- Legs: fleas have long hind legs for jumping; lice have short legs for grasping hair.
- Mobility: fleas jump and move quickly; lice crawl slowly and remain near hair shafts.
Recognizing these characteristics enables accurate identification and appropriate treatment.