What can kill lice? - briefly
Effective treatments encompass permethrin shampoo, malathion lotion, and dimethicone‑based products. Heat‑based approaches, such as high‑temperature hair dryers, also eradicate the parasites.
What can kill lice? - in detail
Effective eradication of head‑lice infestations relies on chemical, physical and environmental measures. Chemical agents include prescription‑strength neurotoxic insecticides such as permethrin 1 % lotion, pyrethrins combined with piperonyl‑butoxide, and malathion 0.5 % shampoo. Over‑the‑counter options feature dimethicone‑based silicone oils that suffocate insects without resistance development. Oral ivermectin, administered as a single dose of 200 µg/kg, provides systemic elimination for severe cases.
Physical methods focus on direct removal and desiccation. Fine‑toothed nit combs, used on wet hair with conditioner, extract live lice and nits when combed at 5‑minute intervals for three consecutive days. Heat treatment devices raise scalp temperature to 50 °C for ten minutes, killing all life stages. Freezing sprays containing propane‑butane mixtures achieve rapid thermal shock, destroying insects on contact.
Environmental control reduces re‑infestation risk. Machine‑washable items (bedding, hats, scarves) should undergo a wash cycle at ≥ 60 °C followed by tumble‑drying on high heat. Non‑washable objects may be sealed in plastic bags for two weeks, depriving lice of a host. Vacuuming carpets and upholstery removes stray nits; subsequent disposal of vacuum bags prevents accidental spread.
A comprehensive protocol combines these approaches: apply a suitable topical insecticide, repeat treatment after seven days to target newly hatched nits, perform meticulous nit combing during the interval, and implement thorough laundering of personal items. Monitoring for residual infestation continues for four weeks, with any resurgence prompting a second‑line oral therapy such as ivermectin.