What can be used to treat lice on a person’s head? - briefly
Over‑the‑counter pediculicides such as permethrin 1 % lotion or pyrethrin‑based sprays, applied as directed, eradicate head lice. Complementary measures—wet combing with a fine‑toothed nit comb, washing bedding and clothing in hot water, and vacuuming surfaces—prevent re‑infestation.
What can be used to treat lice on a person’s head? - in detail
Treating head‑lice infestations requires a combination of chemical, mechanical, and environmental measures.
Over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing either pyrethrin‑piperonyl butoxide or permethrin 1 % are the first line of treatment for most individuals. Application follows the product’s instructions, typically a 10‑minute exposure before rinsing, and a second dose after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched nits.
Prescription options include malathion 0.5 % lotion, benzyl alcohol 5 % lotion, ivermectin 0.5 % cream, and spinosad 0.9 % shampoo. These agents are reserved for cases where resistance to OTC products is suspected or for patients with allergic reactions to standard formulations.
Mechanical removal involves a fine‑toothed comb specifically designed for lice. Wet the hair with a conditioner, then comb from scalp to ends in systematic passes, repeating every 2–3 days for two weeks. This method reduces reliance on chemicals and removes visible nits.
Non‑chemical alternatives such as dimethicone‑based lotions create a physical barrier that suffocates lice without neurotoxic action. Essential oil preparations (e.g., tea tree, lavender) lack consistent evidence and are not recommended as sole therapy.
Safety considerations:
- Children under 2 years should not receive permethrin; consult a pediatrician for age‑appropriate options.
- Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals avoid malathion and select agents with established safety profiles.
- Avoid simultaneous use of multiple pediculicides to prevent adverse reactions.
Environmental control includes washing bedding, clothing, and towels at ≥ 60 °C, sealing non‑washable items in plastic bags for two weeks, and vacuuming upholstery. Pets do not harbor human head lice and require no treatment.
Effective eradication depends on proper application of the chosen product, thorough combing, and diligent cleaning of personal items, followed by a repeat treatment to address any surviving eggs.