What can be used to remove lice and nits from a child? - briefly
Permethrin 1 % shampoo or lotion, applied according to the product instructions, eliminates live lice. A fine‑tooth nit comb treated with dimethicone or another silicone‑based solution removes the remaining nits.
What can be used to remove lice and nits from a child? - in detail
Effective elimination of head‑lice infestations in children requires a combination of chemical and mechanical measures. The first step is to select an appropriate pediculicide. Over‑the‑counter options include:
- «permethrin 1 %» lotion or shampoo, applied to dry hair, left for ten minutes, then rinsed.
- «pyrethrins» with piperonyl‑butoxide, used similarly to permethrin.
- «dimethicone» 4 % spray, which suffocates lice and nits without neurotoxic action.
Prescription agents are reserved for resistant cases:
- «malathion 0.5 %» applied for eight to twelve hours before washing.
- «benzyl alcohol» 5 % lotion, applied for ten minutes, repeated after seven days.
- «ivermectin» oral 200 µg/kg single dose, followed by a second dose after one week.
Mechanical removal complements chemical treatment. A fine‑tooth nit comb, preferably metal, should be used on wet, conditioned hair. The procedure:
- Section hair into manageable sections.
- Run the comb from scalp to tip, wiping blades after each pass.
- Repeat combing every two to three days for ten days to capture hatching nits.
Environmental control reduces re‑infestation. Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in plastic bags for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats; discard vacuum bags promptly.
Adjunctive measures such as applying a thin layer of olive oil or a dimethicone‑based conditioner before combing can loosen nits, but they do not replace approved pediculicides. Essential oils, including tea‑tree oil, lack consistent clinical evidence and may cause skin irritation; they should not be relied upon as sole therapy.
Successful eradication hinges on correct product application, thorough combing, and diligent laundering of personal items. Monitoring for live lice over the subsequent two weeks confirms treatment efficacy. If live insects persist after two treatment cycles, consultation with a healthcare professional is advised to evaluate alternative regimens.