What can be used to kill lice? - briefly
Over‑the‑counter pediculicides with permethrin or pyrethrin, and prescription agents such as malathion, ivermectin, or benzyl alcohol, are the primary chemical options; dimethicone‑based lotions also work by suffocating the insects. Wet combing with a fine‑toothed comb and thorough laundering of bedding and clothing provide reliable non‑chemical control.
What can be used to kill lice? - in detail
Effective elimination of head lice requires a combination of chemical, physical, and environmental measures.
Topical insecticides remain the most common approach. Permethrin 1 % lotion, applied to dry hair for ten minutes before rinsing, disrupts the nervous system of the parasite. Pyrethrin formulations, often combined with piperonyl butoxide to inhibit metabolic resistance, work similarly but may require a second treatment after seven days to address newly hatched nymphs. Dimethicone, a silicone‑based oil, suffocates lice by coating their exoskeleton; it is non‑neurotoxic and suitable for children and pregnant individuals. Malathion 0.5 % solution, applied for eight to twelve hours, provides an alternative for resistant infestations, though it demands careful handling due to its flammability and odor.
Mechanical removal supplements chemical treatments. Fine‑toothed nit combs, used on wet hair with a conditioner to reduce friction, can extract live insects and eggs. Repeated combing at 2‑day intervals for two weeks increases success rates, especially when combined with a lice‑killing shampoo.
Environmental control minimizes re‑infestation. Machine‑washable items (bedding, clothing, hats) should be laundered at 130 °F (54 °C) or dry‑cleaned; non‑washable objects can be sealed in plastic bags for at least 48 hours, a period exceeding the lice life cycle. Vacuuming carpets and upholstery removes stray eggs.
Alternative agents include essential‑oil mixtures (tea tree, lavender, neem) and over‑the‑counter products containing benzyl alcohol or spinosad; evidence for their efficacy varies, and they should be used under professional guidance.
A comprehensive regimen—chemical application, diligent combing, and thorough environmental decontamination—provides the highest likelihood of complete eradication. Regular follow‑up examinations after 7 and 14 days confirm treatment success and prevent resurgence.