What can be used to destroy lice on the head? - briefly
Effective treatments include over‑the‑counter pediculicides such as permethrin 1 % shampoo or lotion, and prescription options like malathion or ivermectin. Complementary measures involve thorough combing with a fine‑toothed nit comb and washing contaminated items in hot water.
What can be used to destroy lice on the head? - in detail
Effective eradication of head‑lice infestations requires a combination of chemical, mechanical, and preventive measures.
Over‑the‑counter pediculicides, typically formulated as shampoos, lotions, or sprays, contain neurotoxic agents such as permethrin (1 %), pyrethrins, or dimethicone. Permethrin and pyrethrins disrupt insect nerve function, killing both adult lice and nymphs. Dimethicone acts as a physical occlusive, coating the exoskeleton and suffocating the parasite. Application follows the product label: apply to dry hair, leave for the recommended duration (usually 10 – 15 minutes), then rinse thoroughly. A second treatment 7–10 days later eliminates newly hatched nymphs that survived the first exposure.
Prescription options include malathion (0.5 %) and ivermectin (1 % lotion). Malathion interferes with the lice’s enzyme systems, while ivermectin binds to glutamate‑gated chloride channels, causing paralysis. Both require a medical prescription and are reserved for resistant cases or when OTC agents fail.
Mechanical removal complements chemical treatment. A fine‑toothed nit comb, used on wet, conditioned hair, extracts live lice and eggs. Systematic combing every 2–3 days for two weeks reduces the population without chemicals.
Natural alternatives exist but lack consistent clinical validation. High‑concentration tea‑tree oil (5 %–10 %) and neem oil possess insecticidal properties; they must be diluted with a carrier oil and applied for at least 30 minutes before rinsing. Essential‑oil blends should be combined with a surfactant to ensure scalp coverage.
Environmental decontamination prevents re‑infestation. Wash bedding, hats, and clothing in hot water (≥ 60 °C) or seal in plastic bags for two weeks. Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove detached nits.
A typical protocol:
- Apply an OTC pediculicide according to instructions.
- Comb hair with a nit comb immediately after treatment.
- Launder personal items in hot water or seal for 14 days.
- Repeat chemical treatment after 9 days.
- Continue combing every 2 days for two weeks.
Choosing the appropriate method depends on infestation severity, product availability, and individual tolerance. Combining chemical agents with thorough combing and environmental hygiene yields the highest success rate.