What can be used against lice? - briefly
Over‑the‑counter pediculicides such as permethrin 1 % lotion or pyrethrin shampoo, and prescription treatments like malathion or ivermectin, are the primary chemical options. Fine‑toothed combing and laundering of bedding complete the mechanical control.
What can be used against lice? - in detail
Effective lice eradication relies on a combination of chemical agents, physical removal techniques, and preventive practices.
Over‑the‑counter pediculicides contain either pyrethrins, permethrin, or dimethicone. Pyrethrin‑based products act on the nervous system of the insect, while permethrin disrupts nerve function. Dimethicone coats the insects, suffocating them without neurotoxic effects. Prescription options such as malathion or ivermectin are reserved for resistant infestations; they require medical supervision due to potential side effects.
Physical removal complements chemical treatment. A fine‑toothed comb, used on wet hair with a conditioner, extracts live nits and adult insects. Repeating the combing process every 2–3 days for two weeks eliminates newly hatched lice that survived the initial application. Washing bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water (≥130 °F/54 °C) or sealing them in plastic bags for two weeks deprives lice of a habitat.
Natural alternatives include tea‑tree oil, neem oil, and a 10 % vinegar rinse. These substances possess insecticidal properties but vary in efficacy; they should be applied after a patch test to avoid scalp irritation.
Preventive measures reduce re‑infestation risk. Encourage avoidance of head‑to‑head contact, prohibit sharing of hats, hairbrushes, or headphones, and conduct regular inspections in communal settings such as schools.
Summary of options
- Chemical pediculicides: pyrethrin, permethrin, dimethicone (OTC); malathion, ivermectin (prescription)
- Mechanical removal: wet‑comb technique, repeated every few days for 14 days
- Environmental control: hot laundering, sealed storage of personal items for 14 days
- Natural agents: tea‑tree oil, neem oil, diluted vinegar (use with caution)
- Preventive practices: limit direct head contact, eliminate sharing of personal hair accessories, schedule routine checks
Applying an integrated approach—chemical treatment followed by diligent combing and environmental sanitation—provides the highest likelihood of complete eradication.