What can be contracted from bedbugs? - briefly
Bedbug bites often produce itchy, inflamed welts and can trigger allergic skin reactions; secondary bacterial infections may develop if the lesions are scratched. Scientific evidence does not support reliable transmission of serious pathogens by bedbugs.
What can be contracted from bedbugs? - in detail
Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) are hematophagous insects that feed on human blood. Their bites can cause a range of dermatological and systemic reactions, although they are not recognized as efficient vectors of infectious agents.
Dermatological effects
- Localized erythema and swelling at bite sites.
- Pruritic papules that may develop into vesicles or pustules.
- Secondary bacterial infection (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes) from scratching.
Allergic responses
- Immediate-type hypersensitivity with intense itching and wheal formation.
- Delayed-type hypersensitivity presenting as a persistent, hyperpigmented rash weeks after exposure.
Psychological impact
- Anxiety, insomnia, and reduced quality of life due to persistent infestations and nocturnal disturbances.
Potential infectious agents
- Experimental studies have detected Bartonella quintana DNA in bedbugs, but transmission to humans remains unproven.
- Laboratory evidence shows that bedbugs can harbor Trypanosoma cruzi, yet natural transmission has not been documented.
- No confirmed cases of hepatitis B, HIV, or other major bloodborne pathogens transmitted by bedbugs.
Systemic symptoms
- Rare reports of fever, malaise, and generalized lymphadenopathy following extensive infestations, likely reflecting inflammatory response rather than infection.
Overall, the primary health concerns from bedbug exposure are cutaneous irritation, allergic reactions, and secondary bacterial infection. Current scientific consensus does not support bedbugs as a significant vector for serious infectious diseases.