What are the red‑black bedbugs? - briefly
The red‑black bedbug (Cimex hemipterus) is a hematophagous insect characterized by a dark reddish‑brown, flattened oval body adapted for nocturnal feeding on human blood. It is common in tropical and subtropical areas and can cause itchy welts and allergic reactions.
What are the red‑black bedbugs? - in detail
The red‑black bedbug, Cimex lectularius var. rubripes, belongs to the family Cimicidae. Adult specimens measure 4–5 mm in length, exhibiting a dark brown to black dorsal surface with a distinctive reddish hue on the thorax and abdomen. The coloration results from a higher concentration of hemoglobin‑derived pigments compared to the common brown‑colored counterpart.
Habitat preferences include human dwellings, particularly bedrooms, upholstered furniture, and mattress seams. The insect thrives in temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 30 °C and requires proximity to a warm‑blooded host for blood meals. Feeding occurs nocturnally; the bug inserts a proboscis into the skin, releases anticoagulant saliva, and ingests up to 7 µl of blood before retreating to a hiding spot.
Reproductive cycle:
- Female lays 1–5 eggs per day, attaching them to crevices.
- Eggs hatch within 6–10 days under optimal conditions.
- Nymphal development comprises five instars, each requiring a blood meal to molt.
- Complete maturation from egg to adult takes approximately 4–6 weeks.
Health implications: bites produce erythematous, pruritic welts that may develop into secondary infections if scratched. Allergic reactions vary among individuals; no disease transmission has been documented for this species.
Control measures:
- Thorough inspection of bedding, mattress tags, and furniture seams.
- Removal of infested items or treatment with high‑temperature steam (≥ 60 °C) for at least 30 seconds.
- Application of approved insecticides, focusing on cracks, baseboards, and wall voids.
- Encapsulation of mattresses and box springs with certified protective covers.
- Monitoring using passive traps placed near sleeping areas to assess population density.
Prevention strategies emphasize regular laundering of linens at 55 °C, reduction of clutter, and sealing of wall fissures to eliminate harborages. Early detection combined with integrated pest‑management protocols limits proliferation and reduces the risk of extensive infestations.