Lice in children: how to treat them? - briefly
Effective control of head lice in children requires immediate application of an approved pediculicide—commonly a 1 % permethrin lotion—followed by meticulous removal of live insects and nits with a fine‑toothed comb; a second dose should be administered after 7–10 days to eradicate any newly emerged lice. Additionally, wash bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water and vacuum living areas to minimize re‑infestation.
Lice in children: how to treat them? - in detail
Head lice infestations are common among school‑age children and require prompt, systematic management to prevent spread and reduce discomfort. Diagnosis relies on visual confirmation of live lice or viable nits within 1 cm of the scalp. Effective treatment combines chemical or physical agents with thorough cleaning of personal items.
Chemical pediculicides
- Permethrin 1 % lotion applied to dry hair, left for 10 minutes, then rinsed; repeat after 7–10 days to target newly hatched nits.
- Pyrethrin‑based products combined with piperonyl‑butoxide; follow manufacturer instructions, repeat in one week.
- Dimethicone 4 % lotion or spray, a silicone‑based, non‑neurotoxic option; leave for 10 minutes, then comb out debris; re‑treat after 7 days.
Physical methods
- Wet‑comb therapy using a fine‑toothed nit comb after saturating hair with conditioner; repeat every 2–3 days for at least two weeks.
- Heated air devices that melt lice and nits; apply according to safety guidelines.
Environmental control
- Wash bedding, hats, scarves, and hair accessories in hot water (≥60 °C) and tumble‑dry on high heat for at least 30 minutes.
- Seal non‑washable items in sealed plastic bags for two weeks to starve any remaining insects.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats; discard vacuum bags promptly.
Adjunctive measures
- Educate caregivers about avoiding shared combs, brushes, and headgear.
- Encourage regular head checks, especially after school trips or sleepovers.
- Document treatment dates to ensure timely re‑application and monitor for resistance.
Management of treatment failure
- Verify correct application and timing; resistance to permethrin is documented in some regions.
- Switch to an alternative class (e.g., dimethicone or ivermectin lotion) if lice persist after two full treatment cycles.
- Consult a healthcare professional for prescription‑strength options, such as malathion 0.5 % or oral ivermectin, when over‑the‑counter products are ineffective.
Following this protocol minimizes reinfestation risk, ensures complete eradication, and limits the spread within families and schools.