Lice: how to get rid of them? - briefly
Apply a certified pediculicide shampoo, then comb out all nits with a fine‑tooth lice comb; repeat the process after 7–10 days to catch any newly hatched insects. Ensure thorough cleaning of bedding, clothing, and personal items to prevent re‑infestation.
Lice: how to get rid of them? - in detail
Head lice infestations are identified by live insects, nits attached firmly to hair shafts near the scalp, and persistent itching. Early detection relies on visual inspection with a fine-toothed lice comb, preferably on a well‑lit surface.
Mechanical removal involves wet combing. Steps include:
- Saturate hair with a conditioner or specialized lice‑removing solution.
- Use a metal lice comb, starting at the scalp and pulling toward the hair tip.
- Clean the comb after each pass to prevent re‑transfer.
- Repeat the process every 2–3 days for two weeks to capture newly hatched nymphs.
Chemical options consist of over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing permethrin, pyrethrins, or dimethicone. Apply according to the product label, ensuring thorough coverage of the scalp and hair. Observe the recommended waiting period before rinsing, then repeat treatment after 7–10 days if live lice persist. Resistance to pyrethroid compounds is documented; dimethicone, a silicone‑based agent, offers a non‑neurotoxic alternative with low resistance rates.
Non‑chemical approaches include:
- High‑concentration dimethicone lotions, applied similarly to pediculicides.
- Essential‑oil formulations (e.g., tea‑tree oil) used with caution, as efficacy varies and skin irritation may occur.
- Heat‑based devices that deliver controlled temperature to kill lice without chemicals.
Environmental control limits re‑infestation. Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in plastic bags for at least two weeks or exposed to a dryer on a high‑heat setting for 30 minutes. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove stray hairs containing nits.
Follow‑up inspections are essential. Perform comb checks 24 hours after the initial treatment, then weekly for three weeks. Any remaining nits should be removed manually with a fine comb; live lice require a second round of treatment.
Prevention focuses on minimizing head‑to‑head contact and avoiding shared personal items such as combs, hats, and headphones. Regular screening of children in group settings, combined with prompt treatment of identified cases, reduces outbreak risk.