If a tick bite becomes infected, what to do? - briefly
Clean the area with an antiseptic, cover with a sterile dressing, and obtain medical evaluation promptly, especially if redness expands, pain intensifies, or systemic symptoms appear. A healthcare professional may prescribe antibiotics and assess for tick‑borne infections.
If a tick bite becomes infected, what to do? - in detail
When a tick bite develops redness, swelling, warmth, pus, or increasing pain, immediate action is required to prevent complications such as cellulitis or systemic infection.
First, cleanse the area thoroughly. Use mild soap and running water, then apply an antiseptic solution such as povidone‑iodine or chlorhexidine. Pat the skin dry with a sterile gauze pad.
Second, assess the need for medical evaluation. Seek professional care if any of the following are present: fever, expanding erythema, streaks radiating from the wound, lymph node enlargement, or if the bite occurred on the face, hands, or genitals.
Third, initiate appropriate antimicrobial therapy. For uncomplicated local infection, a short course of oral antibiotics targeting Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes—commonly dicloxacillin, cephalexin, or clindamycin for penicillin‑allergic patients—is indicated. In cases of suspected tick‑borne pathogens, add doxycycline to cover Borrelia burgdorferi and other agents.
Fourth, monitor the lesion daily. Replace dressings with clean, non‑adhesive gauze after each cleaning. Observe for reduction in size, decreased pain, and absence of new discharge.
Fifth, manage pain and inflammation. Non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen or naproxen) reduce discomfort and swelling; acetaminophen may be used when NSAIDs are contraindicated.
Sixth, consider tetanus prophylaxis. Administer a tetanus booster if immunization status is uncertain or if more than ten years have elapsed since the last dose.
Finally, document the incident. Record the date of the bite, the site on the body, the appearance of the wound, and all treatments administered. This information facilitates follow‑up care and aids in epidemiological tracking of tick‑related infections.