How to treat lice in a rat? - briefly
Apply a topical insecticide approved for rodents, such as a pyrethrin‑based spray or dip, following the product’s dosage and safety instructions. Afterwards, clean the cage, wash bedding, and monitor the animal for reinfestation, repeating treatment if necessary.
How to treat lice in a rat? - in detail
Lice infestation in a laboratory or pet rat requires prompt, systematic intervention. First, confirm the presence of ectoparasites by inspecting the fur and skin for small, grayish insects moving rapidly, and by examining any debris in the bedding. A magnifying lens facilitates detection of nymphs and adult lice.
Isolation of the affected animal prevents spread to cage mates. Transfer the rat to a clean, escape‑proof enclosure equipped with fresh water, food, and minimal bedding. Discard all used bedding, nesting material, and accessories; sterilize reusable items with a 10 % bleach solution followed by thorough rinsing.
Topical ectoparasitic agents constitute the primary treatment. Products containing pyrethrins, permethrin, or fipronil are approved for rodents when applied at the manufacturer‑recommended dose. Apply the solution directly to the dorsal surface, avoiding the eyes, ears, and genital area. For systemic control, administer ivermectin orally or subcutaneously at 0.2 mg/kg, repeating after 7 days to eradicate newly hatched lice.
Environmental decontamination supports pharmacological measures. Clean the cage with hot, soapy water, then disinfect with a diluted quaternary ammonium compound. Allow the surface to dry completely before re‑introducing the rat. Replace bedding with fresh, low‑dust material; avoid cedar or pine, which can irritate the respiratory tract.
Monitoring continues for at least three weeks. Conduct weekly inspections of the fur and skin, and repeat the ivermectin dose if live lice are observed. Record all observations in a log to track treatment efficacy and identify any recurrence.
Preventive practices reduce future infestations. Maintain a regular cleaning schedule, provide adequate ventilation, and limit contact with wild rodents. Implement routine health checks, including ectoparasite screening, as part of standard husbandry protocols.