How to find out if there is an allergy to dust mites? - briefly
Consult a qualified allergist for a skin‑prick test or specific IgE blood assay to confirm sensitization to dust‑mite antigens. Observe symptom changes after implementing dust‑mite–reducing measures such as encasing bedding, frequent washing, and maintaining low indoor humidity.
How to find out if there is an allergy to dust mites? - in detail
Determining whether a person is allergic to dust mites requires a systematic approach that combines clinical evaluation with laboratory testing.
The first step involves a detailed medical history. The practitioner asks about recurring symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, coughing, or wheezing that worsen indoors, especially in bedrooms or upholstered furniture. Correlation with the presence of bedding, carpets, or humid environments strengthens the suspicion of a mite‑related reaction.
Physical examination focuses on the nasal mucosa, conjunctiva, and respiratory system. Findings may include pale, edematous nasal lining, watery discharge, or bronchial hyper‑responsiveness.
If clinical signs suggest sensitisation, objective testing is recommended.
- Skin prick test (SPT): A small amount of standardized dust‑mite extract is introduced into the epidermis. A wheal diameter of ≥3 mm compared with a negative control indicates a positive reaction.
- Serum specific IgE assay: Blood is analysed for antibodies directed against Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae. Results are expressed in quantitative units; values above the laboratory‑defined threshold confirm sensitisation.
- Nasal provocation test: Controlled exposure of the nasal mucosa to mite extract reproduces symptoms and provides functional confirmation, but it is performed only in specialized centres.
Environmental assessment supports the diagnosis. Measuring indoor humidity (above 50 % favours mite proliferation) and inspecting bedding for visible dust accumulation help identify exposure sources.
After confirming sensitisation, management includes allergen avoidance (regular washing of bedding at ≥60 °C, use of allergen‑impermeable covers, reduction of indoor humidity with dehumidifiers) and, when necessary, pharmacotherapy or immunotherapy.
In summary, accurate identification of a dust‑mite allergy combines symptom analysis, targeted skin or blood testing, and environmental evaluation to guide appropriate treatment strategies.