How to eliminate lice on the head? - briefly
Apply a permethrin‑ or pyrethrin‑based shampoo or lotion, follow the label directions, then comb the hair with a fine‑tooth nit comb and repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to eradicate any surviving eggs.
How to eliminate lice on the head? - in detail
Effective removal of head lice requires a systematic approach that combines mechanical and chemical methods, thorough cleaning of personal items, and preventive measures to avoid reinfestation.
The first step is to confirm the presence of live lice or viable nits. Use a fine-toothed comb on wet, conditioned hair, inspecting the comb after each pass. Live insects move quickly; nits appear as tiny, oval, yellow‑white objects attached to the hair shaft within a quarter of an inch from the scalp.
Chemical treatment options include over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing permethrin 1 % or pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide. Apply the product according to the label, ensuring complete coverage from scalp to hair tips. Leave the solution for the specified duration, then rinse thoroughly. A second application is typically required 7–10 days later to eliminate newly hatched insects that survived the initial dose.
Mechanical removal relies on a metal nit comb. After the chemical step, comb the hair in sections, starting at the scalp and pulling the comb toward the ends. Rinse the comb after each pass to prevent re‑transfer of lice. Repeat the combing process daily for at least a week, then every other day for an additional week to catch any late hatchlings.
Environmental decontamination minimizes the risk of re‑infestation. Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in plastic bags for two weeks or placed in a freezer at −20 °C for 24 hours. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats, discarding the vacuum bag or cleaning the canister afterward.
Preventive practices reduce future outbreaks. Advise regular head checks, especially in school settings. Encourage avoidance of sharing combs, hats, scarves, or hair accessories. Recommend keeping long hair tied back and using lice‑detecting sprays on hair after exposure to high‑risk environments.
Summary of actions:
- Verify infestation with a wet‑comb inspection.
- Apply a licensed pediculicide, following label instructions.
- Perform daily nit‑combing for 7 days, then every other day for another week.
- Launder or isolate personal items; vacuum surroundings.
- Implement hygiene habits to prevent recurrence.
Adhering strictly to this protocol yields a high success rate, typically eradicating the infestation within two weeks.