How to check for ear mites in a dog? - briefly
Inspect the ear canal for dark, crumbly debris, a strong odor, and any visible moving specks; these signs often indicate mite infestation. Then, using a cotton swab or otoscope, gently examine the interior—if the ear feels gritty or the debris is abundant, a veterinary examination is required for confirmation.
How to check for ear mites in a dog? - in detail
Ear mites (Otodectes cynotis) are the most frequent cause of ear problems in dogs. Early detection prevents secondary infections and limits spread to other animals.
Typical signs include intense scratching, head shaking, a dark brown to black waxy discharge, and a strong odor. Absence of these signs does not exclude infestation; a thorough inspection is required.
Gather the following items before examination: disposable gloves, cotton balls or gauze, a canine‑specific ear cleanser, a bright flashlight or otoscope, and a clean microscope slide with cover slip.
The inspection proceeds as follows:
- Secure the dog in a calm position; a second person may assist with gentle restraint.
- Put on gloves and apply a few drops of ear cleanser to the canal; allow it to soften debris for 30‑60 seconds.
- Lift the ear flap and use the light source to view the external canal. Look for dark specks that move when the ear is disturbed; these are live mites or their feces.
- Wipe excess wax and debris with a cotton ball, avoiding deep insertion that could damage the tympanic membrane.
- If suspicion remains, collect a small sample of the discharge on a microscope slide, add a drop of mineral oil, cover with a slip, and examine under low magnification (10‑40×). Live mites appear as elongated, translucent organisms with eight legs.
When microscopic identification is inconclusive, submit the sample to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory for definitive species confirmation.
Positive findings warrant immediate treatment: topical acaricidal medication applied according to label directions, repeated ear cleaning, and isolation of the affected animal until the infestation resolves. Re‑examination after the treatment course confirms eradication; persistent debris or renewed itching signals the need for further intervention.
«Ear mites are highly contagious», therefore all animals sharing the same environment should be screened and, if necessary, treated simultaneously. Regular ear checks during routine health examinations reduce the risk of unnoticed infestations.