What is a house dust mite and how to deal with it? - briefly
House dust mites are microscopic arachnids that inhabit warm, humid indoor spaces, feeding on shed human skin cells in bedding, carpets, and upholstery. Lowering indoor humidity, washing textiles in hot water, and employing allergen‑proof mattress and pillow covers are proven methods to control their population.
What is a house dust mite and how to deal with it? - in detail
House dust mites are microscopic arthropods belonging to the family Pyroglyphidae. Adults measure 0.2–0.3 mm, lack eyes, and thrive in warm, humid environments where they feed on shed human skin cells. Their preferred habitats include mattresses, pillows, upholstered furniture, carpets, and bedding, where accumulated organic debris provides a constant food source.
Allergenic proteins released in mite feces and body fragments provoke immune reactions in susceptible individuals. Exposure can trigger asthma attacks, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Sensitization occurs after repeated inhalation of these particles, leading to chronic respiratory symptoms and skin inflammation.
Detection relies on visual inspection of heavily infested areas, microscopic examination of collected dust, or laboratory analysis of specific IgE antibodies in blood. Professional allergen testing quantifies mite concentrations and confirms clinical relevance.
Effective control combines environmental modification and targeted cleaning:
- Maintain indoor relative humidity below 50 % using dehumidifiers or air‑conditioning.
- Keep indoor temperature around 68–72 °F (20–22 °C) to discourage reproduction.
- Wash bedding, curtains, and removable covers weekly in water ≥130 °F (54 °C) or use a dryer on high heat for at least 30 minutes.
- Vacuum carpets and upholstery with a HEPA‑rated filter; discard or clean the vacuum bag regularly.
- Encase mattresses, pillows, and box springs in allergen‑impermeable covers; replace them every 1–2 years.
- Reduce dust accumulation by removing wall hangings, excess rugs, and plush toys from bedrooms.
- Apply approved acaricides or natural alternatives (e.g., diatomaceous earth) to high‑risk zones, following label instructions.
Sustained prevention requires consistent humidity control, routine laundering of textiles, and periodic deep cleaning of soft furnishings. Monitoring humidity levels and inspecting bedding weekly helps maintain low mite populations and minimizes allergen exposure.