How should lice be eliminated? - briefly
Apply a permethrin‑ or pyrethrin‑based shampoo or lotion, comb out nits with a fine‑toothed nit comb, and launder all bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water.
How should lice be eliminated? - in detail
Lice infestations require a systematic approach that combines direct treatment of the host, thorough cleaning of the environment, and preventive measures to stop re‑infestation.
The first step is accurate identification. Examine the scalp and hair under bright light, using a fine‑tooth comb to separate strands. Look for live insects, nits attached close to the scalp, and any itching or redness. Confirmation should be made before any intervention.
Treatment options fall into two categories: chemical and mechanical.
- Chemical agents – Apply a pediculicide approved by health authorities (e.g., permethrin 1 % lotion, dimethicone‑based products, or ivermectin shampoo). Follow label instructions precisely: apply to dry hair, leave for the recommended duration, then rinse. Repeat the application after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched nits. For resistant cases, consider prescription‑only options such as malathion or benzyl alcohol lotion, administered under medical supervision.
- Mechanical removal – Use a metal nit comb with 0.2 mm teeth. Comb the hair from scalp to ends in sections, cleaning the comb after each pass. Perform this process daily for at least 10 days. This method eliminates both insects and eggs without chemical exposure.
Environmental control complements personal treatment.
- Wash all bedding, clothing, and personal items used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat for at least 30 minutes.
- Seal non‑washable items (e.g., stuffed toys, hats) in airtight plastic bags for two weeks to starve any surviving lice.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and vehicle seats thoroughly; discard vacuum bags or clean canisters immediately after use.
- Avoid sharing combs, brushes, hats, or headphones until the infestation is cleared.
Preventive practices reduce the likelihood of future outbreaks.
- Encourage regular scalp inspections, especially after group activities.
- Maintain short hairstyles where feasible, as shorter hair limits the area where lice can hide.
- Educate children and caregivers about the importance of not sharing personal items.
- In school or daycare settings, implement a policy of prompt reporting and treatment of confirmed cases, with optional screening for close contacts.
Monitoring continues after treatment. Re‑examine the scalp 14 days post‑therapy; if live insects or viable nits remain, repeat the chosen treatment protocol. Documentation of each step ensures accountability and facilitates communication with healthcare providers if complications arise.