How should an infestation of lice be treated? - briefly
Apply a pediculicide (e.g., permethrin or pyrethrin) according to label instructions, repeat the treatment after 7–10 days, and remove nits with a fine‑toothed comb while washing clothing, bedding, and cleaning the environment in hot water.
How should an infestation of lice be treated? - in detail
Effective management of a lice outbreak requires a systematic approach that combines direct removal, targeted chemicals or physical agents, environmental sanitation, and monitoring.
First, confirm the presence of live insects or viable nits. Use a fine-toothed lice comb on damp hair, inspecting the comb after each pass for live lice or eggs attached near the scalp. Separate any positive findings for documentation.
Second, initiate immediate removal. Two main options exist:
- Mechanical removal – Wet the hair, apply a conditioner to loosen adhesive, then comb through the entire length with a lice comb. Repeat the process every 2–3 days for two weeks to capture newly hatched insects.
- Chemical treatment – Apply an over‑the‑counter pediculicide containing 1% permethrin, 0.5% pyrethrin, or dimethicone. Follow label instructions precisely: apply to dry hair, leave for the recommended duration, then rinse. For resistant populations, consider a prescription‑only product such as malathion 0.5% or ivermectin lotion, administered by a healthcare professional.
Third, address the environment. Wash all clothing, bedding, and towels used within the preceding 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and tumble‑dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks or exposed to a dry heat source (≥ 50 °C) for at least 30 minutes. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove stray nits.
Fourth, schedule follow‑up examinations. Re‑inspect the scalp 7–10 days after the initial treatment; a second application of the chosen product may be required to eliminate any survivors. Continue weekly comb checks for an additional three weeks to ensure complete eradication.
Finally, implement preventive measures. Advise regular head‑to‑head contact avoidance, discourage sharing of combs, hats, or headphones, and educate caregivers on early detection signs. Consistent vigilance reduces the likelihood of recurrence.