How should a child be treated for lice? - briefly
Apply a pediculicide shampoo or lotion approved for pediatric use according to the label, leaving it on the scalp for the specified time before rinsing. Then comb wet hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb to remove nits, repeat the treatment in 7‑10 days, and wash clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water.
How should a child be treated for lice? - in detail
Effective management of head‑lice infestation in a child requires a systematic approach: confirmation, immediate treatment, environmental decontamination, and follow‑up inspection.
First, verify the presence of live nits or adult lice by parting the hair close to the scalp and examining the base of each strand. Use a fine‑toothed lice comb on wet hair to improve visibility. If live insects are identified, proceed with treatment without delay.
Choose a therapeutic agent based on age and resistance patterns. Over‑the‑counter options containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin are approved for children six months and older. For younger infants or in cases of known resistance, a prescription medication such as 0.5 % malathion or 0.05 % ivermectin lotion may be required; these preparations demand strict adherence to dosing instructions.
Application steps:
- Apply the product to dry hair, covering the scalp and all hair shafts from roots to tips.
- Leave the preparation on for the duration specified on the label (typically 10 minutes for permethrin, 8‑12 hours for malathion).
- Rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water; avoid hot water, which can irritate the scalp.
- Immediately comb the hair with a fine lice comb, removing detached nits and insects.
- Repeat the entire process after seven days to eliminate newly hatched lice that survived the first treatment.
Environmental control complements pharmacologic therapy:
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (minimum 130 °F / 54 °C) and tumble‑dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats; discard vacuum bags afterward.
- Avoid sharing combs, hats, or hair accessories for the duration of treatment and for one week thereafter.
Conduct a final inspection 14 days after the initial application. Use a lice comb to confirm the absence of live insects. If any are found, repeat the treatment cycle and reassess for possible resistance, consulting a healthcare professional for alternative prescriptions.
Maintain vigilance for reinfestation by performing weekly comb checks for at least one month. Prompt detection and repeat treatment prevent prolonged outbreaks and reduce the need for more aggressive interventions.