How does an allergy to flea bites manifest in cats? - briefly
Flea‑bite hypersensitivity in cats usually presents as severe itching focused on the tail base, neck, and abdomen, with redness, hair loss, and scabbing of the skin. Persistent scratching can cause secondary infections, resulting in pustules or crusted lesions.
How does an allergy to flea bites manifest in cats? - in detail
Flea‑induced hypersensitivity in cats produces a distinct pattern of skin irritation that differs from a simple bite reaction. The immune system overreacts to flea saliva, leading to chronic inflammation.
Typical cutaneous signs appear within minutes to hours after exposure and include intense pruritus that drives the cat to scratch, bite, or groom excessively. Lesions concentrate on the dorsal neck, base of the tail, lower back, and hind legs, but may spread to the abdomen and flanks. The most common manifestations are:
- Small, red papules or pustules that may coalesce into larger crusted plaques.
- Hair loss (alopecia) resulting from self‑trauma.
- Scabs and thickened skin (lichenification) where repeated scratching occurs.
- Moist, oozing lesions if secondary bacterial infection develops.
Secondary infections often involve Staphylococcus or Streptococcus species, producing purulent discharge and a foul odor. In severe cases, cats may develop epidermal ulceration, systemic signs such as fever, lethargy, or weight loss due to chronic inflammation and stress.
Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical observation and laboratory confirmation. Veterinarians typically perform:
- Physical examination to identify characteristic lesion distribution.
- Flea counts on the animal and in the environment.
- Intradermal skin testing or serum allergen‑specific IgE assays to verify flea saliva hypersensitivity.
Treatment protocols address both the allergic response and the underlying flea infestation. Effective measures include:
- Immediate flea eradication using topical or oral adulticides and environmental insecticides.
- Anti‑inflammatory therapy, such as glucocorticoids or ciclosporin, to reduce itching and skin inflammation.
- Antihistamines or omega‑3 fatty acid supplements to support skin health.
- Antibiotic or antiseptic therapy for confirmed secondary bacterial infections.
Long‑term control depends on maintaining a flea‑free environment. Regular use of veterinary‑approved flea preventatives, thorough cleaning of bedding and carpets, and periodic inspection of the cat’s coat prevent recurrence of hypersensitivity reactions.