How do pubic lice spread? - briefly
«Pubic lice» are transmitted mainly by prolonged skin‑to‑skin contact during sexual activity; occasional transmission can occur through sharing infested clothing, towels, or bedding. Prompt identification and treatment of both partners prevents further spread.
How do pubic lice spread? - in detail
Pubic lice, scientifically known as «Pthirus pubis», inhabit the coarse hair of the genital region, perianal area, and occasionally the chest, abdomen, or facial hair. Adult females lay eggs (nits) close to the hair shaft; hatching occurs within 6–9 days, and each nymph matures in another 9–12 days. This rapid life cycle enables swift population growth once transmission occurs.
The principal pathway for transmission is direct skin‑to‑skin contact, most commonly during sexual activity. Contact with an infested partner transfers adult lice and nymphs, which immediately seek a new host. Secondary pathways include prolonged close contact without sexual activity, such as sharing a bed or engaging in intimate grooming practices. Transmission via contaminated objects—fomites such as towels, clothing, bedding, or sexual accessories—is possible but less efficient because lice survive off the host for only 24–48 hours under optimal humidity and temperature.
Conditions that enhance spread:
- Moist, warm environments that favor lice survival.
- Dense, coarse hair that provides a secure attachment site.
- Lack of personal hygiene or infrequent laundering of shared textiles.
- High‑density living situations, including shelters, dormitories, or prisons.
Risk factors:
- Multiple sexual partners within a short period.
- Use of shared sexual paraphernalia without disinfection.
- Participation in group bathing or close‑contact sports where clothing is exchanged.
- Immunocompromised status, which may increase susceptibility to infestation.
Preventive actions:
- Limit sexual partners and practice barrier methods (condoms, dental dams) during intercourse.
- Avoid sharing towels, clothing, or bedding; wash personal items in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Inspect body hair after intimate contact; early detection allows prompt treatment.
- Treat both individuals in a partnership simultaneously with approved topical insecticides (e.g., permethrin 1 % lotion) to eradicate existing lice and prevent re‑infestation.