How dangerous are lice on dogs? - briefly
Canine lice cause itching, skin irritation, and may lead to secondary infections, though they are not life‑threatening. Prompt treatment removes the parasites and prevents complications.
How dangerous are lice on dogs? - in detail
Canine lice are ectoparasites that live on the skin and coat of dogs. The most common species, Trichodectes canis, feeds on skin debris and blood, causing irritation and inflammation. Infestation typically produces itching, hair loss, and the presence of small white or gray insects that move slowly through the fur.
Health effects include:
- Dermatitis – continuous scratching leads to skin lesions, secondary bacterial infection, and thickened crusts.
- Anemia – heavy feeding can reduce red‑blood‑cell count, especially in puppies or small breeds.
- Hair loss – localized alopecia results from follicular damage and excessive grooming.
- Systemic stress – chronic discomfort may provoke behavioral changes, reduced appetite, and weight loss.
Lice do not transmit viral or protozoan diseases, but their role as mechanical vectors for bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp. can exacerbate skin infections. In immunocompromised or geriatric dogs, secondary infections may progress rapidly.
Effective control requires:
- Accurate diagnosis – visual inspection of the coat, use of a fine‑toothed comb, and microscopic identification of adult lice or nymphs.
- Topical or oral ectoparasiticides – products containing pyrethrins, imidacloprid, or selamectin eliminate existing insects and prevent reinfestation.
- Environmental management – washing bedding, grooming tools, and household surfaces with hot water or appropriate insecticidal sprays reduces the risk of re‑colonization.
- Follow‑up examinations – repeat checks at two‑week intervals confirm eradication and detect any resurgence.
Prevention strategies focus on regular grooming, maintaining a clean living environment, and avoiding contact with infested animals. Prompt treatment of an outbreak limits tissue damage, prevents anemia, and reduces the likelihood of secondary bacterial complications.