How dangerous are fleas for dogs? - briefly
Fleas transmit parasites and pathogens that can cause anemia, severe itching, and allergic dermatitis, potentially leading to secondary skin infections. Untreated infestations jeopardize a dog’s overall health and often require veterinary treatment.
How dangerous are fleas for dogs? - in detail
Fleas are blood‑feeding parasites that can cause immediate and long‑term health problems for dogs. Their bites irritate the skin, leading to scratching, hair loss, and secondary bacterial infections. In severe infestations, the blood loss can be sufficient to produce anemia, especially in small or young animals.
Allergic reactions are common; many dogs develop flea‑induced hypersensitivity dermatitis, characterized by intense pruritus, erythema, and thickened skin. The condition often requires veterinary diagnosis and targeted therapy.
Fleas also serve as vectors for several pathogens:
- Dipylidium caninum (tapeworm) – transmitted when a dog ingests an infected flea.
- Bartonella henselae – can cause fever, lymphadenopathy, and ocular complications.
- Rickettsia species – associated with fever and systemic illness.
- Mycoplasma haemocanis – may lead to hemolytic anemia.
These infections can exacerbate existing health issues and, in immunocompromised dogs, progress to serious disease.
Control of flea populations involves both the animal and its environment. Effective strategies include:
- Monthly topical or oral ectoparasitic medications approved by a veterinarian.
- Regular grooming and inspection of the coat to detect early signs of infestation.
- Frequent washing of bedding, blankets, and toys in hot water.
- Vacuuming carpets and upholstery, followed by disposal of vacuum bags or cleaning of canisters.
- Application of environmental insecticides or growth regulators in areas where the dog spends time.
Prompt treatment of an infestation reduces the risk of anemia, allergic dermatitis, and pathogen transmission, protecting the dog's overall health.