How can you fight lice on the head? - briefly
Apply a permethrin‑ or pyrethrin‑based treatment to the scalp as directed, then remove remaining nits with a fine‑toothed comb, repeating the process after 7–10 days to ensure eradication.
How can you fight lice on the head? - in detail
Effective elimination of head‑lice infestations requires a systematic approach that combines chemical, mechanical, and environmental measures.
First, identify the presence of live insects or viable eggs (nits) attached to hair shafts close to the scalp. Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair to separate the parasites from the strands. Examine the comb after each pass; discard any captured lice and mark removed nits to avoid recounting.
Second, apply a licensed pediculicide that contains either permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrin with piperonyl‑butoxide. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions precisely: apply the product to dry hair, leave it for the recommended exposure time, then rinse thoroughly. For resistant populations, consider a dimethicone‑based lotion, which suffocates insects without neurotoxic action. Avoid overlapping treatments within a 24‑hour window to reduce skin irritation.
Third, perform a second treatment 7–10 days after the initial application. This timing targets newly hatched nits that survived the first round because they were not yet susceptible to the chemical.
Fourth, implement mechanical removal:
- Wet the hair with a conditioner or a mild oil (e.g., olive oil) to loosen the glue that holds nits to the shaft.
- Section the hair and comb from scalp to tip with a nit comb, moving the comb slowly to capture each egg.
- Repeat the combing process every 2–3 days for two weeks.
Fifth, address the environment to prevent re‑infestation:
- Wash all bedding, towels, and clothing worn within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items (e.g., hats, stuffed toys) in airtight bags for at least two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove stray eggs.
- Avoid sharing personal items such as combs, hair accessories, or headwear.
Finally, monitor the situation. Continue weekly inspections for at least four weeks after the last treatment. If live lice persist despite following the protocol, consult a healthcare professional for prescription‑strength options such as ivermectin or malathion, and verify that resistance patterns have not rendered over‑the‑counter products ineffective.