How can you differentiate ear mites from otitis? - briefly
Ear mites cause dark, granular debris and severe itching, whereas otitis typically presents with yellow‑green exudate, swelling, and pain on manipulation. Microscopic examination of a swab confirms mites, while cytology or culture identifies inflammatory cells and pathogens in otitis.
How can you differentiate ear mites from otitis? - in detail
Ear mite infestation and otitis present with overlapping signs such as head shaking, scratching, and audible discharge, yet each condition exhibits distinct characteristics that allow precise identification.
In ear mite cases, the following features are typical:
- Dark, coffee‑ground–type debris that adheres to the ear canal walls.
- Intense itching that often leads to self‑inflicted trauma.
- Presence of live, motile mites visible under a otoscope or on a microscope slide.
- Bilateral involvement is common, especially in cats and small dogs.
- Minimal swelling of the ear canal and a normal temperature.
Otitis, whether bacterial, fungal, or allergic, displays a different pattern:
- Purulent, serous, or malodorous discharge that may be yellow, green, or brown.
- Redness, edema, and thickening of the ear canal lining.
- Pain on manipulation of the pinna or during otoscopic examination.
- Possible fever or systemic signs if the infection is severe.
- Unilateral presentation is frequent, though bilateral cases occur with underlying allergies.
Diagnostic confirmation relies on specific procedures:
- Otoscopic examination – visual assessment of debris, erythema, and mite movement.
- Cytology – microscopic evaluation of ear swabs to identify mites, bacteria, yeast, or inflammatory cells.
- Culture – growth of bacterial or fungal organisms when infection is suspected.
- Imaging – advanced cases may require radiography or CT to assess middle‑ear involvement.
Therapeutic approaches diverge accordingly:
- For mite infestations: topical acaricides (e.g., selamectin, ivermectin) applied directly to the canal, repeated according to product guidelines; environmental decontamination to prevent reinfestation.
- For otitis: thorough cleaning of the canal, followed by appropriate antimicrobial or antifungal medication; anti‑inflammatory agents to reduce swelling; address underlying allergies or foreign bodies if present.
Monitoring response includes re‑examination after 7–10 days, repeat cytology to confirm eradication of mites or resolution of infection, and adjustment of treatment if clinical signs persist.