How can lice be removed and what are the causes of their appearance? - briefly
Lice are eradicated by using an FDA‑approved pediculicide (shampoo, lotion, or mousse) and then systematically combing the hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb to extract live insects and eggs. Infestations result from direct head‑to‑head contact, sharing items like hats or brushes, and settings where personal hygiene is insufficient.
How can lice be removed and what are the causes of their appearance? - in detail
Lice are small, wingless insects that live on the scalp and feed on blood. Infestations occur when viable eggs (nits) are transferred to a host and hatch within a week.
Factors that lead to an outbreak include:
- Direct head‑to‑head contact, the most common transmission route.
- Sharing combs, hats, hair accessories, or pillows.
- Close contact in schools, camps, or sports teams where groups gather.
- Overcrowded living conditions that facilitate frequent interaction.
- Lack of regular hair inspection, especially in children who cannot report itching.
Removal strategies fall into three categories: mechanical, chemical, and environmental.
Mechanical elimination
- Use a fine‑toothed lice comb on wet, conditioned hair.
- Start at the scalp, pull the comb through each section, and wipe the teeth after each pass.
- Repeat the process every 2–3 days for at least ten days to capture newly hatched lice.
Chemical treatment
- Apply an over‑the‑counter pediculicide containing permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrin.
- Follow label instructions precisely; leave the product on the scalp for the recommended time, then rinse.
- For resistant populations, seek a prescription‑only product such as ivermectin or benzyl alcohol lotion.
- After treatment, repeat a second application 7–10 days later to eradicate any surviving nits.
Environmental control
- Wash bedding, towels, and clothing in hot water (≥60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks to starve lice.
- Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove stray hairs containing nits.
Combining thorough combing with an appropriate medicated shampoo, followed by diligent cleaning of personal items, achieves complete eradication and reduces the risk of re‑infestation.